ArticleInternational journal of oncology2016
Macrolides sensitize EGFR-TKI-induced non-apoptotic cell death via blocking autophagy flux in pancreatic cancer cell lines.
Article in International journal of oncology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- 3D collagen high-throughput screen identifies drugs that induce epithelial polarity and enhance chemotherapy response in colorectal cancer.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Review
- Drug Repurposing of Selected Antibiotics: An Emerging Approach in Cancer Drug Discovery.ACS omega · 2024Review
- Article
- Article
- Identification of biomarkers, pathways, and therapeutic targets for EGFR-TKI resistance in NSCLC.Life science alliance · 2023Article
- Azithromycin, a potent autophagy inhibitor for cancer therapy, perturbs cytoskeletal protein dynamics.British journal of cancer · 2023Article
- Macrolide antibiotics activate the integrated stress response and promote tumor proliferation.Cell stress · 2023Article
- 6-Shogaol Overcomes Gefitinib Resistance via ER Stress in Ovarian Cancer Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Global Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Cancer Patients and its Treatment: A Systematic Review.Clinical complementary medicine and pharmacology · 2022Review
- Protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance in malignant tumors: molecular mechanisms and future perspective.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2022Review
- Synergistic Adverse Effects of Azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquine on Human Cardiomyocytes at a Clinically Relevant Treatment Duration.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Regulation and function of autophagy in pancreatic cancer.Autophagy · 2021Review
- Azithromycin enhances the cytotoxicity of DNA-damaging drugs via lysosomal membrane permeabilization in lung cancer cells.Cancer science · 2021Article
- Macrolide antibiotics enhance the antitumor effect of lansoprazole resulting in lysosomal membrane permeabilization‑associated cell death.International journal of oncology · 2020Article
- Lysosomotropic Features and Autophagy Modulators among Medical Drugs: Evaluation of Their Role in Pathologies.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Mycobacterium abscessus Clearance by Neutrophils Is Independent of Autophagy.Infection and immunity · 2020Article
- Comparison of autophagy inducibility in various tyrosine kinase inhibitors and their enhanced cytotoxicity via inhibition of autophagy in cancer cells in combined treatment with azithromycin.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2020Article
- Clarithromycin inhibits autophagy in colorectal cancer by regulating the hERG1 potassium channel interaction with PI3K.Cell death & disease · 2020Article
- Deciphering the Role of the Coagulation Cascade and Autophagy in Cancer-Related Thrombosis and Metastasis.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most difficult types of cancer to treat because of its high mortality rate due to chemotherapy resistance. We previously reported that combined treatment with gefitinib (GEF) and clarithromycin (CAM) results in enhanced cytotoxicity of GEF along with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress loading in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. An epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) such as GEF induces autophagy in a pro-survival role, whereas CAM inhibits autophagy flux in various cell lines. Pronounced GEF-induced cytotoxicity therefore appears to depend on the efficacy of autophagy inhibition. In the present study, we compared the effect on autophagy inhibition among such macrolides as CAM, azithromycin (AZM), and EM900, a novel 12-membered non-antibiotic macrolide. We then assessed the enhanced GEF-induced cytotoxic effect on pancreatic cancer cell lines BxPC-3 and PANC-1. Autophagy flux analysis indicated that AZM is the most effective autophagy inhibitor of the three macrolides. CAM exhibits an inhibitory effect but less than AZM and EM900. Notably, the enhancing effect of GEF-induced cytotoxicity by combining macrolides correlated well with their efficient autophagy inhibition. However, this pronounced cytotoxicity was not due to upregulation of apoptosis induction, but was at least partially mediated through necroptosis. Our data suggest the possibility of using macrolides as 'chemosensitizers' for EGFR-TKI therapy in pancreatic cancer patients to enhance non-apoptotic tumor cell death induction.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.