ArticlePloS one2015
Spatio-Temporal Identification of Areas Suitable for West Nile Disease in the Mediterranean Basin and Central Europe.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Climate Change on West Nile Virus Transmission in Italy: A Systematic Review.Public health reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Descriptive Epidemiological Analysis of West Nile Virus Human Infections in Italy: A Surveillance-based Study (2018-2023).Current microbiology · 2026Article
- Pharmaceutical Strategies for West Nile Virus in Europe, an Underrecognized Cause of Severe Disease and Mortality in Older Adults: From Supportive Care to Antiviral Development.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Land and climate suitability for West Nile virus in Atlantic archipelagos guided by historical data from Europe.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Geospatial Mapping of Pediatric Febrile Illness in Uganda to Inform Precision Public Health Interventions.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Introduction of West Nile virus lineage 2 leads to neuroinvasive cases in humans and horses in Sicily, 2022-2023.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Editorial: One Health approaches and modeling in parasitology in the climate change framework and possible supporting tools adopting GIS and remote sensing.Frontiers in parasitology · 2025Article
- Extensive surveillance of mosquitoes and molecular investigation of arboviruses in Central Iran.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Article
- Spatiotemporally Explicit Epidemic Model for West Nile Virus Outbreak in Germany: An Inversely Calibrated Approach.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2024Article
- Detection ofFrontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Detection of West Nile and Usutu Virus RNA in Autumn Season in Wild Avian Hosts in Northern Italy.Viruses · 2023Article
- A systematic review of environmental factors related to WNV circulation in European and Mediterranean countries.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2023Review
- Comparison of West Nile Virus Disease in Humans and Horses: Exploiting Similarities for Enhancing Syndromic Surveillance.Viruses · 2023Review
- Culex pipiens distribution in Tunisia: Identification of suitable areas through Random Forest and MaxEnt approaches.Veterinary medicine and science · 2022Article
- Mosquito Vectors (Diptera:Insects · 2022Review
- West Nile Virus Lineage 2 Overwintering in Italy.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022Article
- A dynamically structured matrix population model for insect life histories observed under variable environmental conditions.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- West Nile and Usutu Virus Introduction via Migratory Birds: A Retrospective Analysis in Italy.Viruses · 2022Article
- West Nile virus transmission potential in Portugal.Communications biology · 2022Article
- Spatial patterns of West Nile virus distribution in the Volgograd region of Russia, a territory with long-existing foci.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-transmitted Flavivirus belonging to the Japanese encephalitis antigenic complex of the Flaviviridae family. Its spread in the Mediterranean basin and the Balkans poses a significant risk to human health and forces public health officials to constantly monitor the virus transmission to ensure prompt application of preventive measures. In this context, predictive tools indicating the areas and periods at major risk of WNV transmission are of paramount importance. Spatial analysis approaches, which use environmental and climatic variables to find suitable habitats for WNV spread, can enhance predictive techniques. Using the Mahalanobis Distance statistic, areas ecologically most suitable for sustaining WNV transmission were identified in the Mediterranean basin and Central Europe. About 270 human and equine clinical cases notified in Italy, Greece, Portugal, Morocco, and Tunisia, between 2008 and 2012, have been considered. The environmental variables included in the model were altitude, slope, night time Land Surface Temperature, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Enhanced Vegetation Index, and daily temperature range. Seasonality of mosquito population has been modelled and included in the analyses to produce monthly maps of suitable areas for West Nile Disease. Between May and July, the most suitable areas are located in Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, and North Cyprus. Summer/Autumn months, particularly between August and October, characterize the suitability in Italy, France, Spain, the Balkan countries, Morocco, North Tunisia, the Mediterranean coast of Africa, and the Middle East. The persistence of suitable conditions in December is confined to the coastal areas of Morocco, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, and Israel.
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