ArticlePain2016
Trends in opioid prescriptions among children and adolescents in the United States: a nationally representative study from 1996 to 2012.
Article in Pain, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oxycodone vs. tramadol in postoperative parent-controlled intravenous analgesia in children: a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, multiple-center clinical trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2023Trial
- A Risk Education Program Decreases Leftover Prescription Opioid Retention: An RCT.American journal of preventive medicine · 2022Trial
- Rethinking postoperative opioid use in pediatric appendectomy: a cross-cultural comparison between Japan and North America.Journal of anesthesia · 2026Article
- Proportional Trends in Pediatric Opioid Prescribing Between 2005 and 2016 by Age Group, Sex, Ethnicity, Race, Language, and Payer Status from a Large Children's Hospital in the Southwest United States.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- [Chronic eye pain].Die Ophthalmologie · 2023Review
- Opioid prescription rates associated with surgery among adolescents in the United States from 2015 to 2020.Paediatric anaesthesia · 2023Article
- MedSMA℞T Adventures in PharmaCity Game: Youth Experiences and Recommendation for Use in Opioid Safety Education.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Racial/Ethnic Patterns in Opioid Dispensing among Medicaid-Funded Young Children.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Prescription Psychotherapeutic Drug Use and Nicotine Use among Young People in the United States.Substance use & misuse · 2023Article
- Psychosocial Correlates of Opioid Use Profiles among Young Adults in a Longitudinal Study across 6 US Metropolitan Areas.Substance use & misuse · 2023Article
- Development of the Adolescent Opioid Safety and Learning (AOSL) scale using exploratory factor analysis.Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP · 2022Article
- Preventing Adolescent Opioid Misuse: Racial/Ethnic Differences in the Protective Effects of Extracurricular Activities.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2022Article
- Opioid Analgesic Prescription in French Children: A National Population-Based Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Pediatric drug overdose mortality: contextual and policy effects for children under 12 years.Pediatric research · 2021Article
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- Comorbid chronic pain and opioid misuse in youth: Knowns, unknowns, and implications for behavioral treatment.The American psychologist · 2020Review
- Patterns of opioid use in adolescents receiving prescriptions: The role of psychological and pain factors.The American psychologist · 2020Article
- Article
- Article
- Association of Opioids Prescribed to Family Members With Opioid Overdose Among Adolescents and Young Adults.JAMA network open · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Prescription opioid misuse is a major public health concern in the United States, yet little is known about national prescription patterns. We aimed to assess trends in opioid prescriptions made to children and adolescents, to their families, and to adults in the United States from 1996 to 2012. The sample was drawn from nationally representative data, the Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys. We used survey design methods to examine trends in prescription opioid use over time and a logistic regression analysis to examine predictors associated with opioid use. Findings indicated that from 1996 to 2012 opioid prescriptions to children and adolescents remained stable and low. In 1996, 2.68% of children received an opioid prescription, and in 2012, 2.91% received an opioid prescription. In contrast, opioid prescriptions to family members of children and adolescents and adults in general significantly increased during this period. The most common opioid prescriptions to children and adolescents in 2012 were codeine, hydrocodone, and oxycodone. Using multivariate logistic regression models, the white non-Hispanic race, older age, health insurance, and parent-reported fair to poor general health were associated with higher rates of opioid prescriptions in children and adolescents. Our main finding was that although the rates of opioid prescriptions have increased among adults in the United States, the rates have not changed among children and adolescents. Recent epidemiologic association studies have identified a strong link between increased opioid prescriptions and increased rates of opioid misuse and abuse in adults. Future studies should assess the association between adult opioid prescriptions and children or adolescent opioid misuse.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.