ArticleMolecular autism2015
Social communication and emotion difficulties and second to fourth digit ratio in a large community-based sample.
Article in Molecular autism, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Digit ratio (2D:4D) and maternal testosterone-to-estradiol ratio measured in early pregnancy.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Sexual Dimorphism in Titi Monkeys' Digit (2D:4D) Ratio is Associated with Maternal Urinary Sex Hormones During Pregnancy.Developmental psychobiology · 2020Article
- Effects of early life adversity on immune function and cognitive performance: results from the ALSPAC cohort.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2020Article
- The association between second to fourth digit ratio, reproductive and general health among women: findings from an Israeli pregnancy cohort.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- The 2D:4D ratio is associated with performance in the 'TEACCH program' of subjects with autism spectrum disorder.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2018Article
- Exposure to childhood adversity and deficits in emotion recognition: results from a large, population-based sample.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2018Article
- Associations Between the 2nd to 4th Digit Ratio and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Population-Based Samples of Boys and Girls: Findings from the Study to Explore Early Development.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2018Article
- Association of copy number variation across the genome with neuropsychiatric traits in the general population.American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics · 2018Article
- Longitudinal associations of social cognition and substance use in childhood and early adolescence: findings from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2018Article
- Sex Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorder: a Review.Current psychiatry reports · 2018Review
- Associations between fetal testosterone and pro-social tendencies, anxiety and autistic symptoms in Williams syndrome: a preliminary study.International journal of developmental disabilities · 2017Article
- The 2D : 4D Digit Ratio as a Biomarker for Autism Spectrum Disorder.Autism research and treatment · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRecent research investigating the extreme male brain theory of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has drawn attention to the possibility that autistic type social difficulties may be associated with high prenatal testosterone exposure. This study aims to investigate the association between social communication and emotion recognition difficulties and second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) and circulating maternal testosterone during pregnancy in a large community-based cohort: the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). A secondary aim is to investigate possible gender differences in the associations.
methodsData on social communication (Social and Communication Disorders Checklist, N = 7165), emotion recognition (emotional triangles, N = 5844 and diagnostics analysis of non-verbal accuracy, N = 7488) and 2D:4D (second to fourth digit ratio, N = 7159) were collected in childhood and early adolescence from questionnaires and face-to-face assessments. Complete data was available on 3515 children. Maternal circulating testosterone during pregnancy was available in a subsample of 89 children.
resultsMales had lower 2D:4D ratios than females [t (3513) = -9.775, p < 0.001]. An association was found between measures of social communication and emotion recognition, and the lowest 10 % of 2D:4D ratios. A significant association was found between maternal circulating testosterone and left hand 2D:4D [OR = 1.65, 95 % CI 1.1-2.4, p < 0.01].
conclusionsPrevious findings on the association between 2D:4D and social communication difficulties were not confirmed. A novel association between an extreme measure of 2D:4D in males suggests threshold effects and warrants replication.
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