Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26715630›Full record

ArticleMolecular biology and evolution2016

Laterally Transferred Gene Recruited as a Venom in Parasitoid Wasps.

Ellen O Martinson, Vincent G Martinson, Rachel Edwards, Mrinalini, John H Werren

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular biology and evolution, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed
7.6field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. The eukaryotic horizontal gene transfer dataset a compendium.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
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  11. Horizontal gene transfer underlies the painful stings of asp caterpillars (Lepidoptera: Megalopygidae).Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Ellen O MartinsonBiology Department, University of Rochester e.martinson@rochester.edu jack.werren@rochester.edu.
Vincent G MartinsonBiology Department, University of Rochester e.martinson@rochester.edu jack.werren@rochester.edu.
Rachel EdwardsBiology Department, University of Rochester e.martinson@rochester.edu jack.werren@rochester.edu.
MrinaliniBiology Department, University of Rochester e.martinson@rochester.edu jack.werren@rochester.edu.
John H WerrenBiology Department, University of Rochester e.martinson@rochester.edu jack.werren@rochester.edu.
University of Rochester · US

Funding

Exploring the Venom Repertoire of ParasitoidsR01GM098667 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER · PI WERREN, JOHN HAYNES · 2011 to 2014
$1.3M
NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM098667NIGMS NIH HHS R01GM098667
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Parasitoid wasps use venom to manipulate the immunity and metabolism of their host insects in a variety of ways to provide resources for their offspring. Yet, how genes are recruited and evolve to perform venom functions remain open questions. A recently recognized source of eukaryotic genome innovation is lateral gene transfer (LGT). Glycoside hydrolase family 19 (GH19) chitinases are widespread in bacteria, microsporidia, and plants where they are used in nutrient acquisition or defense, but have previously not been known in metazoans. In this study, a GH19 chitinase LGT is described from the unicellular microsporidia/Rozella clade into parasitoid wasps of the superfamily Chalcidoidea, where it has become recruited as a venom protein. The GH19 chitinase is present in 15 species of chalcidoid wasps representing four families, and phylogenetic analysis indicates that it was laterally transferred near or before the origin of Chalcidoidea (∼95 Ma). The GH19 chitinase gene is highly expressed in the venom gland of at least seven species, indicating a role in the complex host manipulations performed by parasitoid wasp venom. RNAi knockdown in the model parasitoid Nasonia vitripennis reveals that-following envenomation-the GH19 chitinase induces fly hosts to upregulate genes involved in an immune response to fungi. A second, independent LGT of GH19 chitinase from microsporidia into mosquitoes was also found, also supported by phylogenetic reconstructions. Besides these two LGT events, GH19 chitinase is not found in any other sequenced animal genome, or in any fungi outside the microsporidia/Rozella clade.

Indexed as

PhylogenyAnimalsChitinasesGene Transfer, HorizontalGenome, InsectHost-Parasite InteractionsMicrosporidiaWaspsWasp VenomsChitinasesWasp Venomslateral gene transfermicrosporidiamosquito.parasitoid waspsvenom

Identifiers

PMID26715630
PMCPMC5013869
OpenAlexW2256547868

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.