Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26715227›Full record

Trial reportSleep2016

Zopiclone Increases the Arousal Threshold without Impairing Genioglossus Activity in Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Sophie G Carter, Michael S Berger, Jayne C Carberry, Lynne E Bilston, Jane E Butler, Benjamin K Y Tong, Rodrigo T Martins, Lauren P Fisher, David K McKenzie, Ronald R Grunstein and 1 more

2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · bronzeAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Sleep, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 45 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
45citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
8.6field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02714400 phase4completednot on this map

The Impact of Venlafaxine on Apnea Hypopnea Index in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of California, San DiegoRan2016 to 2016Enrolled20ConditionsObstructive Sleep ApneaArmsVenlafaxine, Placebo
NCT06928766 phase2not yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Effects of Eszopiclone and Lemborexant in People With Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) With a Low Arousal Threshold Who Have Difficulty Maintaining or Falling Asleep (ELOSA): A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Randomised, Trial.

TypeinterventionalSponsorFlinders UniversityRan2025 to 2027Enrolled15ConditionsOSA - Obstructive Sleep ApneaArmsEszopiclone 3 mg, Placebo, Lemborexant 10mg
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

45 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 98 citations in OpenAlex.

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  3. Hypnotics on Obstructive Sleep Apnea Severity and Endotypes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2024
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Sophie G CarterNeuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA) and the University of New South Wales, Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Michael S BergerNeuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA) and the University of New South Wales, Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Jayne C CarberryNeuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA) and the University of New South Wales, Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Lynne E BilstonNeuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA) and the University of New South Wales, Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Jane E ButlerNeuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA) and the University of New South Wales, Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Benjamin K Y TongNeuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA) and the University of New South Wales, Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Rodrigo T MartinsNeuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA) and the University of New South Wales, Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Lauren P FisherNeuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA) and the University of New South Wales, Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
David K McKenziePrince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Ronald R GrunsteinWoolcock Institute of Medical Research and the University of Sydney, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia.
Danny J EckertNeuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA) and the University of New South Wales, Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
UNSW Sydney · AUNeuroscience Research Australia · AUPrince of Wales Hospital · AUWoolcock Institute of Medical Research · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

STUDY

objectivesTo determine the effects of the nonbenzodiazepine sedative zopiclone on the threshold to arousal with increasing respiratory effort and genioglossus muscle activity and to examine potential physiological factors mediating disparate effects of zopiclone on obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity between patients.

methodsTwelve patients with OSA (apnea-hypopnea index = 41 ± 8 events/h) were studied during 2 single night sleep studies conducted approximately 1 w apart after receiving 7.5 mg of zopiclone or placebo according to a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover design. The respiratory arousal threshold (epiglottic pressure immediately prior to arousal during naturally occurring respiratory events), genioglossus activity and its responsiveness to pharyngeal pressure during respiratory events, and markers of OSA severity were compared between conditions. Genioglossus movement patterns and upper airway anatomy were also assessed via magnetic resonance imaging in a subset of participants (n = 7) during wakefulness.

resultsZopiclone increased the respiratory arousal threshold versus placebo (-31.8 ± 5.6 versus -26.4 ± 4.6 cmH2O, P = 0.02) without impairing genioglossus muscle activity or its responsiveness to negative pharyngeal pressure during respiratory events (-0.56 ± 0.2 versus -0.44 ± 0.1 %max/-cmH2O, P = 0.48). There was substantial interindividual variability in the changes in OSA severity with zopiclone explained, at least in part, by differences in pathophysiological characteristics including body mass index, arousal threshold, and genioglossus movement patterns.

conclusionsIn a group of patients with predominantly severe OSA, zopiclone increased the arousal threshold without reducing genioglossus muscle activity or its responsiveness to negative pharyngeal pressure. These properties may be beneficial in some patients with OSA with certain pathophysiological characteristics but may worsen hypoxemia in others. CLINICAL

trial registrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, http://www.anzctr.org.au, trial ID: ACTRN12614000364673.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAgedArousalAustraliaAzabicyclo CompoundsBody Mass IndexCross-Over StudiesDouble-Blind MethodFemaleHumansHypnotics and SedativesMaleMiddle AgedMovementNew ZealandAzabicyclo CompoundsHypnotics and SedativesPiperazineszopiclonehypnoticrespiratory physiologysedativesleep disordered breathingupper airway physiology

Identifiers

PMID26715227
PMCPMC4791609
OpenAlexW2318510082

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.