ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2016
The Interleukin-1 Balance During Encephalitis Is Associated With Clinical Severity, Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability, Neuroimaging Changes, and Disease Outcome.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 41 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrated meta-analysis of human astrocytes transcriptomes reveals a candidate recurrent inflammatory signature in response to inflammatory and immune stimuli.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
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- Quinolinic acid as trigger/biomarker of dysosmia/dysgeusia in patients with acute coronavirus disease 2019: A retrospective case-control study.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- The cell-mediated adaptive immune response to herpes simplex virus type 1 encephalitis: mechanisms and clinical implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Viral Infection and the Blood-Brain Barrier: Molecular Research Insights and Therapies.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Review
- Navigation Between Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Its Various Pathophysiological Trajectories: The Pathogenic Link to Neuroimmunology-Genetics and Neuroinflammation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Changes in metabolite profiles in the cerebrospinal fluid and in human neuronal cells upon tick-borne encephalitis virus infection.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Temporally resolved single-cell RNA sequencing reveals protective and pathological responses during herpes simplex virus CNS infection.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Clinical and pathological risk factors for postencephalitic epilepsy after herpes simplex virus-1 encephalitis in children.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Factors Associated with the Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Tick-Borne Encephalitis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Microglial Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential in Brain Injury Post-Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- The immunobiology of herpes simplex virus encephalitis and post-viral autoimmunity.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2024Review
- Diagnostic accuracy of inflammatory markers in adults with suspected central nervous system infections.The Journal of infection · 2024Article
- The Mechanisms Underlying the Beneficial Impact of Aerobic Training on Cancer-Related Fatigue: A Conceptual Review.Cancers · 2024Review
- Evolving etiologies, comorbidities, survival, and costs of care in adult encephalitis.Journal of neurovirology · 2023Article
- Lung infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa induces neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier dysfunction in mice.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- The role of the blood-brain barrier during neurological disease and infection.Biochemical Society transactions · 2023Review
- Lung infection by P. aeruginosa induces neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier dysfunction in mice.Research square · 2023Article
- A Potential Role for Neuroinflammation in ADHD.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedErratum.2017
Authors and funding
11 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEncephalitis is parenchymal brain inflammation, commonly due to herpes simplex virus (HSV). Key host inflammatory mediators and their relationship to blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, neuroimaging changes, and disease outcome are poorly understood.
methodsWe measured levels of 38 mediators in serum (n = 78) and cerebrospinal fluid (n = 37) specimens from patients with encephalitis, including 17 with disease due to HSV infection. Outcome measures were Glasgow coma and outcome scores; CSF to serum albumin ratio, reflecting BBB permeability; and, in patients with HSV infection, magnetic resonance imaging-based temporal lobe volume.
resultsSerum interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) levels were elevated in patients with a good outcome (P= .004). Among patients infected with HSV, the ratio of CSF IL-1β to IL-1RA was associated with a worse outcome (P= .009); a ratio of ≥0.55 pg/mL had high specificity and sensitivity for a poor outcome (100% and 83%;P= .015). Temporal lobe volume had a negative correlation with serum IL-1RA level (P= .012) and a positive correlation with serum IL-1α level (P= .0003) and CSF IL-1β level (P= .007). A normal coma score was associated with an elevated interleukin 10 (IL-10) level in serum specimens from HSV-infected patients (P= .007) and CSF specimens from all patients (P= .016); the IL-10 level correlated inversely with BBB permeability (P= .005).
conclusionsA proinflammatory cytokine response is associated with greater clinical severity, BBB permeability, and neuroimaging damage during encephalitis. IL-1 antagonists should be investigated as adjunctive treatment in encephalitis.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.