ArticleJournal of bacteriology2015
ISC, a Novel Group of Bacterial and Archaeal DNA Transposons That Encode Cas9 Homologs.
Article in Journal of bacteriology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 113 citations in OpenAlex.
- Engineering CRISPR guide RNAs for programmable RNA sensors.Biochemical Society transactions · 2023Pooled it
- Structural and genetic dissection of RNA-guided gene repression by TnpB-derived transcription factors.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Visualizing structural dynamics during nuclease activation across evolutionarily diverse IscB and CRISPR-Cas9 enzymes.Research square · 2026Article
- Review
- Large-scale mutational analysis uncovers molecular mechanisms governing dual RNA functions in transposons.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Structure basis for single-strand nucleic acid targeting by IscB and variants.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- CRISPR-Cas editing technologies for viral-mediated gene therapies of human diseases: Mechanisms, progress, and challenges.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Review
- Structure basis for single-strand nucleic acid targeting by IscB and variants.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Structural visualization of the molecular evolution of CRISPR-Cas9.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2026Article
- Engineering hypercompact IscB nucleases for efficient and versatile genome editing in rice.Genome biology · 2026Article
- Engineering TnpB as a compact RNA-guided genome editor from molecular constraints to design principles.Frontiers in genome editing · 2026Review
- Transposon-derived genome editors in plants: from compact nucleases to large-fragment integration and regeneration strategies.Engineering in life sciences · 2026Review
- Functional Coupling and Evolutionary Relationships Between Toxin-Antitoxin Systems and CRISPR-Cas Systems.Toxins · 2025Review
- A Small RNA Derived From the 5' End of the IS200 tnpA Transcript Regulates Multiple Virulence Regulons in Salmonella typhimurium.Molecular microbiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Trends and challenges of AAV-delivered gene editing therapeutics for CNS disorders: Implications for neurodegenerative disease.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Review
- Efforts to Downsize Base Editors for Clinical Applications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Improving adenine base editing precision by enlarging the recognition domain of CRISPR-Cas9.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Structure of Fanzor2 reveals insights into the evolution of the TnpB superfamily.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2025Article
- Evolutionary origins of archaeal and eukaryotic RNA-guided RNA modification in bacterial IS110 transposons.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
unlabelledBacterial genomes encode numerous homologs of Cas9, the effector protein of the type II CRISPR-Cas systems. The homology region includes the arginine-rich helix and the HNH nuclease domain that is inserted into the RuvC-like nuclease domain. These genes, however, are not linked to cas genes or CRISPR. Here, we show that Cas9 homologs represent a distinct group of nonautonomous transposons, which we denote ISC (insertion sequences Cas9-like). We identify many diverse families of full-length ISC transposons and demonstrate that their terminal sequences (particularly 3' termini) are similar to those of IS605 superfamily transposons that are mobilized by the Y1 tyrosine transposase encoded by the TnpA gene and often also encode the TnpB protein containing the RuvC-like endonuclease domain. The terminal regions of the ISC and IS605 transposons contain palindromic structures that are likely recognized by the Y1 transposase. The transposons from these two groups are inserted either exactly in the middle or upstream of specific 4-bp target sites, without target site duplication. We also identify autonomous ISC transposons that encode TnpA-like Y1 transposases. Thus, the nonautonomous ISC transposons could be mobilized in trans either by Y1 transposases of other, autonomous ISC transposons or by Y1 transposases of the more abundant IS605 transposons. These findings imply an evolutionary scenario in which the ISC transposons evolved from IS605 family transposons, possibly via insertion of a mobile group II intron encoding the HNH domain, and Cas9 subsequently evolved via immobilization of an ISC transposon. IMPORTANCE: Cas9 endonucleases, the effectors of type II CRISPR-Cas systems, represent the new generation of genome-engineering tools. Here, we describe in detail a novel family of transposable elements that encode the likely ancestors of Cas9 and outline the evolutionary scenario connecting different varieties of these transposons and Cas9.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.