ArticleBlood2016
Immunovirotherapy with vesicular stomatitis virus and PD-L1 blockade enhances therapeutic outcome in murine acute myeloid leukemia.
Article in Blood, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 130 citations in OpenAlex.
- Preclinical efficacy of oncolytic VSV-IFNβ in treating cancer: A systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Phase I Study of Oncolytic Virus VV1 as Monotherapy or in Combination with Avelumab in Patients with Relapsed Refractory Solid Tumors.Cancer research communications · 2026Article
- Apoptotic modulators enhance oncolytic virus-induced cytokine killing in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML).British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Endothelial injury is a central driver of systemic IFN-β toxicity and is reversible through Jak inhibition.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- PD-L1 Immuno-PET Reveals Systemic Effects of Localized Oncolytic Virotherapy in a Mouse Model of Head and Neck Cancer.Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine · 2026Article
- Therapeutic potential of oncolytic viruses in hematopoietic malignancies: from preclinical insights to clinical realities.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Vesicular Stomatitis Virus-Based Oncolytic Virotherapy: Recent Progress and Emerging Trends.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Review
- Article
- Oncolytic immunovirotherapy: finding the tumor antigen needle in the antiviral haystack.Immunotherapy · 2025Review
- Comparative oncology in action: vignettes on immunotherapy development.Veterinary oncology (London, England) · 2025Review
- Employing the Oncolytic Vesicular Stomatitis Virus in Cancer Virotherapy: Resistance and Clinical Considerations.Viruses · 2024Review
- The Potential of Oncolytic Virotherapy in the Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer: A Comprehensive Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Tutorial: design, production and testing of oncolytic viruses for cancer immunotherapy.Nature protocols · 2024Review
- Advances and clinical applications of immune checkpoint inhibitors in hematological malignancies.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2024Review
- Alliance between titans: combination strategies of CAR-T cell therapy and oncolytic virus for the treatment of hematological malignancies.Annals of hematology · 2024Review
- Fusogenic vesicular stomatitis virus combined with natural killer T cell immunotherapy controls metastatic breast cancer.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2024Article
- Integrating innate and adaptive immunity in oncolytic virus therapy.Trends in cancer · 2024Review
- The role of exhausted natural killer cells in the immunopathogenesis and treatment of leukemia.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Review
- Development of Recombinant Oncolytic rVSV-mIL12-mGMCSF for Cancer Immunotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Oncolytic viruses and antibodies: are they more successful when delivered separately or when engineered as a single agent?Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2023Review
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Patients with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have limited therapeutic options. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-interferon β (IFNβ)-sodium iodide symporter (NIS) is an oncolytic VSV encoding IFNβ and the NIS reporter. Syngeneic AML C1498 tumors responded to IV therapy with VSV-murine IFNβ (mIFNβ)-NIS in a dose-dependent manner. Imaging for NIS expression showed robust virus infection within the tumors. Virus infection did not increase programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) on tumor cells. Combining VSV-mIFNβ-NIS with anti-PD-L1 antibody (Ab) therapy enhanced antitumor activity compared with treatment with virus alone or Ab alone; this enhancement was not significant at higher VSV-mIFNβ-NIS doses. Systemic VSV therapy reduced systemic C1498-green fluorescent protein (GFP) tumor burden in the blood, bone marrow, spleen, and liver of mice with AML. Combination VSV-mIFNβ-NIS and anti-PD-L1 Ab therapy significantly enhanced the survival of these mice with no evidence of toxicity, compared with isotype control, anti-PD-L1, or virus alone. There was an increase in tumor-infiltrating CD4 and CD8 cells. Single-agent VSV-mIFNβ-NIS virotherapy induced both VSV-specific and GFP-specific CD8 T cells as determined by IFN-γ enzyme-linked immunospot, pentamer, and intracellular IFN-γ staining assays. Both of these responses were further enhanced by addition of anti-PD-L1 Ab. Depletion of CD8 or natural killer cells, but not CD4 cells, resulted in loss of antitumor activity in the VSV/anti-PD-L1 group. Clinical samples from chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and acute myelomonocytic leukemia appear to be especially susceptible to VSV. Overall, our studies show that oncolytic virotherapy combined with immune checkpoint blockade is a promising approach to AML therapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.