Trial reportNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2016
An Open Trial of Electronic Cigarettes for Smoking Cessation Among Methadone-Maintained Smokers.
Trial report in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Addressing tobacco use in the context of opioid use disorder: A systematic review of smoking cessation interventions.The American journal on addictions · 2026Pooled it
- Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Are Electronic Cigarettes an Effective Aid to Smoking Cessation or Reduction Among Vulnerable Groups? A Systematic Review of Quantitative and Qualitative Evidence.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Pooled it
- How do we determine the impact of e-cigarettes on cigarette smoking cessation or reduction? Review and recommendations for answering the research question with scientific rigor.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2018Pooled it
- Overview of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: A Systematic Review.American journal of preventive medicine · 2017Pooled it
- QuitNic: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Nicotine Vaping Products With Nicotine Replacement Therapy for Smoking Cessation Following Residential Detoxification.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2021Trial
- Effects of E-cigarettes on Combustible Cigarette Smoking Among Adults With Opioid Use Disorder on Buprenorphine: Single Arm ERASER Pilot Trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Interest in Electronic Cigarettes for Smoking Cessation Among Adults With Opioid Use Disorder in Buprenorphine Treatment: A Mixed-Methods Investigation.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Article
- TOBACCO USE DISORDER AND DUAL DISORDERS Joint statement by the Spanish Psychiatry Society and the Spanish Dual Disorders Society.Actas espanolas de psiquiatria · 2022Article
- Electronic cigarettes: A position statement from the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand.Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2020Review
- Review
- Electronic cigarette and tobacco use in individuals entering methadone or buprenorphine treatment.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2019Article
- Impact of E-cigarettes on Smoking and Related Outcomes in Veteran Smokers With Psychiatric Comorbidity.Journal of dual diagnosisArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionSmoking cessation pharmacotherapies tested in persons with opioid use disorder have produced low quit rates. Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have been used by many methadone-maintained (MMT) smokers, but controlled trials evaluating cessation and reduction outcomes have not been performed in this population with deleterious tobacco-related health consequences.
methodsIn this open trial of NJOY e-cigarettes, MMT smokers received 6 weeks of treatment and were instructed to use only e-cigarettes. Outcomes included carbon monoxide confirmed 7-day point smoking cessation prevalence at week 7 (end of treatment) and self-reported change in mean cigarettes per day (CPD) at each 2-week assessment. The final assessment was 2 weeks after treatment ended (week 9).
resultsThe 12 participants averaged 46 years old and 50% were male. On average, participants reported smoking 17.8 (±5.3) CPD. One person had a biochemically confirmed quit at week 7. Participants tended to report marked reductions in mean CPD between quit day (week 1) and the week 3 assessment. Relative to baseline, statistically significant reductions in mean CPD were observed at all follow-up assessments. Mean reductions in CPD were -12.4 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -15.0, -9.9; P < .001), -14.8 (95% CI: -17.4, -12.2; P < .001), -13.9 (95% CI: -16.6, -11.2), and -10.8 (95% CI: -13.4, -8.2; P < .01) at the 3-, 5-, 7-, and 9-week assessments, respectively. Adherence to e-cigarettes was 89.1% during the 6 treatment weeks.
conclusionsE-cigarettes were associated with reductions in cigarette use. Smoking cessation rates in MMT smokers are low and whether long-term smoking reductions can persist and produce health benefits should be studied. IMPLICATIONS: E-cigarettes were associated with reduced tobacco use in MMT smokers. Adherence to e-cigarettes is high among methadone smokers. Week-7 smoking quit rates are similar to pharmacotherapies tested in this population.
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