ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2015
Assessment of Chlamydia psittaci Shedding and Environmental Contamination as Potential Sources of Worker Exposure throughout the Mule Duck Breeding Process.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rapid diagnosis ofExperimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Article
- Etiological and epidemiological investigation of two independent parrot-to-human transmission events ofhLife · 2026Article
- Molecular detection of Chlamydia psittaci in wild birds, broiler chickens, and sheep in Egypt: a public health concern.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Limited transmission of avian influenza viruses, avulaviruses, coronaviruses and Chlamydia sp. at the interface between wild birds and a free-range duck farm.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Review
- Chlamydia psittaci detected at a live poultry wholesale market in central China.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Detection ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- CRISPR/Cas9-edited duck enteritis virus expressing Pmp17G of Chlamydia psittaci induced protective immunity in ducklings.Pathogens and disease · 2024Article
- Psittacosis contagion in 1930: an old story in a new era of zoonotic disease.Microbes and infection · 2023Article
- Psittacosis Pneumonia: Diagnosis, Treatment and Interhuman Transmission.International journal of general medicine · 2023Review
- High-Dose Tigecycline for the Treatment of Progressive Pneumonia Caused byInfection and drug resistance · 2023Article
- Article
- Omadacycline for the treatment of severe pneumonia caused byFrontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Undiagnosed Cases of Human Pneumonia Following Exposure toPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- A Review of Chlamydial Infections in Wild Birds.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Caused byFrontiers in medicine · 2021Article
- Detection ofEpidemiology and infection · 2020Article
- Article
- An epizootic of Chlamydia psittaci equine reproductive loss associated with suspected spillover from native Australian parrots.Emerging microbes & infections · 2018Article
- Seroprevalence ofEuropean journal of microbiology & immunology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chlamydia psittaci is an obligate intracellular bacterium responsible for avian chlamydiosis, otherwise known as psittacosis, a zoonotic disease that may lead to severe atypical pneumonia. This study was conducted on seven mule duck flocks harboring asymptomatic birds to explore the circulation and persistence of C. psittaci during the entire breeding process and assess the potential sources of worker exposure. Cloacal swabs and air samples were taken on each occasion requiring humans to handle the birds. In parallel, environmental samples, including dust, water, and soil, were collected. Specific real-time PCR analyses revealed the presence of C. psittaci in all flocks but with three different shedding patterns involving ducks about the age of 4, 8, and 12 weeks with heavy, moderate, and low excretion levels, respectively. Air samples were only positive in flocks harboring heavy shedders. Dust in flocks with heavy or moderate shedders carried chlamydial loads strongly associated with the loads detected in avian and soil samples. Environmental contamination, significantly correlated with shedding dynamics, was considered to be the most probable source of exposure. The high prevalence of bacteriophage Chp1 in all flocks, mostly jointly present with chlamydia, suggests an important factor in C. psittaci persistence, thus creating a greater risk for humans. A survey conducted in these flocks regarding farming practices and activities showed that disinfection seems to be the most promising practice for reducing C. psittaci prevalence in ducks and that the place and the duration of action during operations seem to be potential risk factors. Strict adherence to good practices is strongly recommended.
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