ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2016
Whole-brain calcium imaging with cellular resolution in freely behaving Caenorhabditis elegans.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 212 papers.
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Who cites it
212 citing papers in PubMed, 430 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Optimization of connectome weights for a neural network model generating both forward and backward locomotion in C. elegans.Scientific reports · 2026Article
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- A multicellular analysis calcium imaging toolbox for ImageJ.Cell reports methods · 2026Article
- Deep neural networks to register and annotate cells in moving and deforming nervous systems.eLife · 2026Article
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- Network modularity reveals context and state-dependent reorganization of time-varying functional connectivity in single-cell resolved neural activity recordings.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
152 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
The ability to acquire large-scale recordings of neuronal activity in awake and unrestrained animals is needed to provide new insights into how populations of neurons generate animal behavior. We present an instrument capable of recording intracellular calcium transients from the majority of neurons in the head of a freely behaving Caenorhabditis elegans with cellular resolution while simultaneously recording the animal's position, posture, and locomotion. This instrument provides whole-brain imaging with cellular resolution in an unrestrained and behaving animal. We use spinning-disk confocal microscopy to capture 3D volumetric fluorescent images of neurons expressing the calcium indicator GCaMP6s at 6 head-volumes/s. A suite of three cameras monitor neuronal fluorescence and the animal's position and orientation. Custom software tracks the 3D position of the animal's head in real time and two feedback loops adjust a motorized stage and objective to keep the animal's head within the field of view as the animal roams freely. We observe calcium transients from up to 77 neurons for over 4 min and correlate this activity with the animal's behavior. We characterize noise in the system due to animal motion and show that, across worms, multiple neurons show significant correlations with modes of behavior corresponding to forward, backward, and turning locomotion.
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