ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2016
HIV-1 RNA genome dimerizes on the plasma membrane in the presence of Gag protein.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers.
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Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mechanisms of HIV-1 assembly, release and maturation.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Cryo-ET reveals distinct Gag lattice architectures in virus-like particles and immature HIV-1.Structure (London, England : 1993) · 2026Article
- Transcription start site heterogeneity controls MDA5 sensing of unspliced HIV-1 RNAs.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Synergy of RNA Concentration, RNA Binding Proteins, and RNA Palindrome Drives clustering ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The biased adenosine-rich content of the HIV-1 genome serves as a molecular signature that facilitates efficient packaging.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Proteomic Characterization of HIV Infection.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Imaging Retroviral RNA Genome Heterodimers Using Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation (BiFC).Viruses · 2025Article
- One step 4× and 12× 3D-ExM enables robust super-resolution microscopy of nanoscale cellular structures.The Journal of cell biology · 2025Article
- The role of HIV-1 Gag and genomic RNA interactions in virion assembly.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Studying Retroviral Life Cycles Using Visible Viruses and Live Cell Imaging.Annual review of virology · 2024Review
- One step 4x and 12x 3D-ExM: robust super-resolution microscopy in cell biology.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- HIV-1 RNA genome packaging: it's G-rated.mBio · 2024Review
- Roles of RNA scaffolding in nanoscale Gag multimerization and selective protein sorting at HIV membranes.Science advances · 2024Article
- Molecular dynamics simulations of HIV-1 matrix-membrane interactions at different stages of viral maturation.Biophysical journal · 2024Article
- Imaging HIV-1 Nuclear Import, Uncoating, and Proviral Transcription.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Structural and computational studies of HIV-1 RNA.RNA biology · 2024Review
- Circadian regulation of liver function: from molecular mechanisms to disease pathophysiology.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2023Review
- Dimerization of an umbravirus RNA genome activates subgenomic mRNA transcription.Nucleic acids research · 2023Article
- Distinct Gag interaction properties of HIV-1 RNA 5' leader conformers reveal a mechanism for dimeric genome selection.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2023Article
- Review
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Retroviruses package a dimeric genome comprising two copies of the viral RNA. Each RNA contains all of the genetic information for viral replication. Packaging a dimeric genome allows the recovery of genetic information from damaged RNA genomes during DNA synthesis and promotes frequent recombination to increase diversity in the viral population. Therefore, the strategy of packaging dimeric RNA affects viral replication and viral evolution. Although its biological importance is appreciated, very little is known about the genome dimerization process. HIV-1 RNA genomes dimerize before packaging into virions, and RNA interacts with the viral structural protein Gag in the cytoplasm. Thus, it is often hypothesized that RNAs dimerize in the cytoplasm and the RNA-Gag complex is transported to the plasma membrane for virus assembly. In this report, we tagged HIV-1 RNAs with fluorescent proteins, via interactions of RNA-binding proteins and motifs in the RNA genomes, and studied their behavior at the plasma membrane by using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. We showed that HIV-1 RNAs dimerize not in the cytoplasm but on the plasma membrane. Dynamic interactions occur among HIV-1 RNAs, and stabilization of the RNA dimer requires Gag protein. Dimerization often occurs at an early stage of the virus assembly process. Furthermore, the dimerization process is probably mediated by the interactions of two RNA-Gag complexes, rather than two RNAs. These findings advance the current understanding of HIV-1 assembly and reveal important insights into viral replication mechanisms.
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