ArticleSchizophrenia research2016
Racial-ethnic disparities in empirically-derived subtypes of subclinical psychosis among a U.S. sample of youths.
Article in Schizophrenia research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pathways Through Early Psychosis Care for U.S. Youths From Ethnically and Racially Minoritized Groups: A Systematic Review.Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.) · 2023Pooled it
- Evidence for Environmental Risk Factors and Cumulative Stress Linking Racial/Ethnic Identity and Psychotic-Like Experiences in ABCD Study Data.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2025Article
- Examining delusional ideation: Relationships with race and socioeconomic status.Schizophrenia research · 2023Article
- Understanding Associations Between Race/Ethnicity, Experiences of Discrimination, and Psychotic-like Experiences in Middle Childhood.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2022Article
- Examining racial differences in community integration between black and white homeless veterans.Psychiatry research · 2022Article
- Black American Maternal Prenatal Choline, Offspring Gestational Age at Birth, and Developmental Predisposition to Mental Illness.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2021Article
- From Womb to Neighborhood: A Racial Analysis of Social Determinants of Psychosis in the United States.The American journal of psychiatry · 2021Review
- Determinants of Schizophrenia Endophenotypes Based on Neuroimaging and Biochemical Parameters.Biomedicines · 2021Article
- Replication of Associations With Psychotic-Like Experiences in Middle Childhood From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study.Schizophrenia bulletin open · 2020Article
- Persistence of psychosis spectrum symptoms in the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort: a prospective two-year follow-up.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionRacial-ethnic minority status is a consistent risk factor for schizophrenia, with associations extending to bipolar disorder and subthreshold psychotic experiences. However, few epidemiologic studies have been conducted in the U.S., and evidence is inconsistent. Furthermore, no U.S. studies of youths have directly investigated the phenomenological overlap between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. We aimed to do so at the subthreshold level in the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort.
methodsParticipants included 6533 individuals, age 11-21years, from a community healthcare network. Latent class analysis was used to form subtypes of sub-psychosis based on 12 attenuated positive items and 7 mania items without duration criteria. Associations between race-ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, "other") and sub-psychosis subtype were estimated using latent class regression.
resultsFour classes were identified: Sub-positive Only (13.4%), Mania Only (15.5%), Both (9.1%), and Neither (62.0%). Minority participants were generally more likely than non-Hispanic whites to belong to one of the three sub-psychosis classes compared to the Neither class. Associations for Hispanics and non-Hispanic blacks remained after adjustment for age, sex, and maternal education, and restriction to participants without significant physical health conditions. Racial-ethnic disparities were greater in magnitude for the two classes characterized by sub-positive symptoms, Sub-positive Only and Both, than for the Mania Only class. This pattern was statistically significant among non-Hispanic blacks.
conclusionsWe found evidence for racial-ethnic disparities in empirically-derived subtypes of subthreshold psychosis, broadly defined, among U.S. youths. Further research is needed to determine whether these disparities persist to the clinical disorder level in adulthood.
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