Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26711443›Full record

ArticleJournal of medical systems2016

Effective Electrocardiogram Steganography Based on Coefficient Alignment.

Ching-Yu Yang, Wen-Fong Wang

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of medical systems, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
2.5field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Ching-Yu YangDepartment of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Penghu University of Science and Technology, No 300, Liu-Ho Rd., Magong, Penghu, 880, Taiwan. chingyu@gms.npu.edu.tw.
Wen-Fong WangDepartment of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, Taiwan. wwf@yuntech.edu.tw.
National Penghu University of Science and Technology · TWNational Yunlin University of Science and Technology · TW

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study presents two types of data hiding methods based on coefficient alignment for electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, namely, lossy and reversible ECG steganographys. The lossy method is divided into high-quality and high-capacity ECG steganography, both of which are capable of hiding confidential patient data in ECG signals. The reversible data hiding method can not only hide secret messages but also completely restore the original ECG signal after bit extraction. Simulations confirmed that the perceived quality generated by the lossy ECG steganography methods was good, while hiding capacity was acceptable. In addition, these methods have a certain degree of robustness, which is rare in conventional ECG stegangraphy schemes. Moreover, the proposed reversible ECG steganography method can not only successfully extract hidden messages but also completely recover the original ECG data.

Indexed as

Computer SecuritySignal Processing, Computer-AssistedAlgorithmsElectrocardiographyHumansCoefficient alignmentData hidingLossy ECG steganographyReversible ECG steganography

Identifiers

PMID26711443
OpenAlexW2217122439

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.