ArticleVeterinary microbiology2016
Antigenic evolution of H9N2 chicken influenza viruses isolated in China during 2009-2013 and selection of a candidate vaccine strain with broad cross-reactivity.
Article in Veterinary microbiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of immediate and delayed loading protocols on marginal bone loss around implants in unsplinted mandibular implant-retained overdentures: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC oral health · 2021Pooled it
- The molecular basis of antigenic variation among A(H9N2) avian influenza viruses.Emerging microbes & infections · 2018Pooled it
- Development and application of a VNAR-based detection nanobody for avian influenza virus H9N2.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Characterization of the avian influenza viruses distribution in the environment of live poultry market in China, 2019-2023.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2025Article
- Complex Reassortment Dynamics of H9N2 Avian Influenza Viruses in Xinjiang, China: Implications for Zoonotic Spillover.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2025Article
- Origin, spread, and interspecies transmission of a dominant genotype of BJ/94 lineage H9N2 avian influenza viruses with increased threat.Virus evolution · 2024Article
- Emergence of a new designated clade 16 with significant antigenic drift in hemagglutinin gene of H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus in eastern China.Emerging microbes & infections · 2023Article
- Mixed selling of different poultry species facilitates emergence of public-health-threating avian influenza viruses.Emerging microbes & infections · 2023Article
- The emergence of new antigen branches of H9N2 avian influenza virus in China due to antigenic drift on hemagglutinin through antibody escape at immunodominant sites.Emerging microbes & infections · 2023Article
- That H9N2 avian influenza viruses circulating in different regions gather in the same live-poultry market poses a potential threat to public health.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Status and Challenges for Vaccination against Avian H9N2 Influenza Virus in China.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Antigenic characterization of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 viruses.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2022Review
- Antigenic Evolution Characteristics and Immunological Evaluation of H9N2 Avian Influenza Viruses from 1994-2019 in China.Viruses · 2022Article
- Identification of Hemagglutinin Mutations Caused by Neuraminidase Antibody Pressure.Microbiology spectrum · 2021Article
- Review
- Reassortment with dominant chicken H9N2 influenza virus contributed to the fifth H7N9 virus human epidemic.Journal of virology · 2021Article
- A Live Attenuated H9N2 Avian Influenza Vaccine Prevents the Viral Reassortment by Exchanging the HA and NS1 Packaging Signals.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Genetic Characteristics and Pathogenicity Analysis in Chickens and Mice of Three H9N2 Avian Influenza Viruses.Viruses · 2019Article
- Recombinant influenza H9N2 virus with a substitution of H3 hemagglutinin transmembrane domain showed enhanced immunogenicity in mice and chicken.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Surveillance of Live Poultry Markets for Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses in Guangxi Province, Southern China, from 2012-2015.Scientific reports · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that H9N2 subtype avian influenza viruses (AIVs) isolated from 1994 to 2008 evolved into distinct antigenic groups (C, D, and E) and then underwent antigenic drift from commercial vaccines, causing a country-wide outbreak during 2010-2013. In this study, H9N2 AIVs isolated from chickens during 2009-2013 were antigenically analyzed by performing hemagglutination inhibition and neutralization assays using a panel of polyclonal antibodies. Our findings confirmed the antigenic drift of recent H9N2 viruses from the commercial vaccine and showed that most of these antigenic variants form a novel HI antigenic group, F, with a few belonging to groups D and E. Slight antigenic variation was observed in group F viruses. Genetic analysis of amino acid sequences deduced from hemagglutinin (HA) gene sequences indicated that 9 of 15 mutations predominant in the 2009-2013 viruses can be mapped to known antigenic sites, which might be responsible for the novel antigenicity of group F. These antigenic changes make it necessary to modify the influenza vaccine to ensure efficient protection. A vaccine candidate, Ck/HeB/YT/10, was selected and provided significant protection against viruses from different antigenic groups in terms of reduction in virus shedding, suggesting broad cross-reactivity. Taken together, our results indicate that the H9N2 chicken influenza viruses in China have evolved from distinct antigenic groups into a novel group F that became dominant during the country-wide outbreak and now seems to be undergoing new antigenic divergence. Systematic surveillance and timely updating of vaccine strains are important for viral prevention and control in the future.
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