ArticleHealth services research2016
Comparing the Cost of Care Provided to Medicare Beneficiaries Assigned to Primary Care Nurse Practitioners and Physicians.
Article in Health services research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Impact of nurse practitioners in primary care on patients with chronic diseases in rural and underserved areas: A systematic review.The European journal of general practice · 2026Pooled it
- Nurses as substitutes for doctors in primary care.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Nurse Practitioner Opioid Prescribing Authority: A Comparative Policy Analysis of New Zealand, United States, and Australia.Journal of nursing scholarship : an official publication of Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing · 2026Article
- Influence of Admitting Clinician on Outcomes in Post-Acute Facilities.Health services research · 2026Article
- Medical Student Attitudes Toward Advanced Practice Provider Independence Legislation.Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM · 2025Article
- Adopting tailored interprofessional protocols in general practice: barriers, strategies, and lessons learned from a CFIR-guided qualitative study.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Advanced Practice Nurses in Primary Care and Their Impact on Health Service Utilisation, Costs and Access Globally: A Scoping Review.Journal of clinical nursing · 2025Article
- Nurse Practitioner Care Environments and Provider Shortages Among Patients With Multiple Chronic Conditions.Research in nursing & health · 2025Article
- An unclear partnership: key questions about physician and advanced practice provider collaboration in primary care.Health affairs scholar · 2025Article
- The American Society of Pain and Neuroscience (ASPN) Guidelines for Advanced Practice Providers in Interventional Spine and Pain Management Practice.Journal of pain research · 2025Article
- Clinician Staffing and Quality of Care in US Health Centers.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Assessment of nurse practitioners' capacity of using the ABC/2 formula for intracranial lesion volume measurement.BMC nursing · 2024Article
- Evaluating the cost of NP-led vs. GP-led primary care in British Columbia.Healthcare management forum · 2024Article
- Nurse Practitioner Care, Scope of Practice, and End-of-Life Outcomes for Nursing Home Residents With Dementia.JAMA health forum · 2024Article
- State scope of practice restrictions and nurse practitioner practice in nursing homes: 2012-2019.Health affairs scholar · 2024Article
- Patterns of GP and nurse independent prescriber prescriptions for antibiotics dispensed in the community in England: a retrospective analysis.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2023Article
- Advanced practice clinician care and end-of-life outcomes for community- and nursing home-dwelling Medicare beneficiaries with dementia.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2023Article
- Comparison of Work Patterns Between Physicians and Advanced Practice Practitioners in Primary Care and Specialty Practice Settings.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Advanced practice nurse work environments and job satisfaction and intent to leave: Six-state cross sectional and observational study.Journal of advanced nursing · 2022Observational
- A methodology for identifying behavioral health advanced practice registered nurses in administrative claims.Health services research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis study is designed to assess the cost of services provided to Medicare beneficiaries by nurse practitioners (NPs) billing under their own National Provider Identification number as compared to primary care physicians (PCMDs). DATA SOURCE: Medicare Part A (inpatient) and Part B (office visit) claims for 2009-2010. STUDY
designRetrospective cohort design using propensity score weighted regression. DATA EXTRACTION
methodsBeneficiaries cared for by a random sample of NPs and primary care physicians. PRINCIPAL
findingsAfter adjusting for demographic characteristics, geography, comorbidities, and the propensity to see an NP, Medicare evaluation and management payments for beneficiaries assigned to an NP were $207, or 29 percent, less than PCMD assigned beneficiaries. The same pattern was observed for inpatient and total office visit paid amounts, with 11 and 18 percent less for NP assigned beneficiaries, respectively. Results are similar for the work component of relative value units as well.
conclusionsThis study provides new evidence of the lower cost of care for beneficiaries managed by NPs, as compared to those managed by PCMDs across inpatient and office-based settings. Results suggest that increasing access to NP primary care will not increase costs for the Medicare program and may be cost saving.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.