ArticleVaccine2016
Prior infection with influenza virus but not vaccination leaves a long-term immunological imprint that intensifies the protective efficacy of antigenically drifted vaccine strains.
Article in Vaccine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed.
- Improving Assessment of Vaccine Effectiveness by Coupling Test-negative Design Studies with Survival Models.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Improving Assessment of Vaccine Effectiveness by Coupling Test-Negative Design Studies with Survival Models.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- A narrative review of heterogeneity in SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes and vaccine efficacy: strategizing pandemic preparedness in Africa.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- The speed of vaccination rollout and the risk of pathogen adaptation.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2025Article
- Impact of influenza immune imprinting on immune responses to subsequent vaccinations in mice.Vaccine · 2025Article
- Review
- First Impressions Matter: Immune Imprinting and Antibody Cross-Reactivity in Influenza and SARS-CoV-2.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Immunodominance hierarchy after seasonal influenza vaccination.Emerging microbes & infections · 2022Article
- Influenza virus infection history shapes antibody responses to influenza vaccination.Nature medicine · 2022Article
- Safety and Immunogenicity of M2-Deficient, Single Replication, Live Influenza Vaccine (M2SR) in Adults.Vaccines · 2021Article
- Mosaic vaccination: How distributing different vaccines across a population could improve epidemic control.Evolution letters · 2021Article
- Immunity to acute virus infections with advanced age.Current opinion in virology · 2021Review
- Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses in Covid-19 and Immunotherapeutic Approaches.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2021Review
- Beyond clinical trials: Evolutionary and epidemiological considerations for development of a universal influenza vaccine.PLoS pathogens · 2020Review
- Impact of Pre-Existing Immunity on Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine-Induced Cross-Protective Immunity.Vaccines · 2020Article
- Adjuvanticity of ProcessedImmune network · 2020Article
- Vaccine- and natural infection-induced mechanisms that could modulate vaccine safety.Toxicology reports · 2020Review
- Host Factors Impact Vaccine Efficacy: Implications for Seasonal and Universal Influenza Vaccine Programs.Journal of virology · 2019Review
- Seasonal influenza: Modelling approaches to capture immunity propagation.PLoS computational biology · 2019Article
- Characterising antibody kinetics from multiple influenza infection and vaccination events in ferrets.PLoS computational biology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The role of pre-existing immunity for influenza vaccine responses is of great importance for public health, and thus has been studied in various contexts, yet the impact of differential priming on vaccine responses in the midst of antigenic drift remains to be elucidated. To address this with antigenically related viruses, mice were first primed by either infection or immunization with A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8) virus, then immunized with whole-inactivated A/Fort Monmouth/1/47 (FM1) virus. The ensuing vaccine responses and the protective efficacy of FM1 were superior in PR8 infection-primed mice compared to PR8 immunization-primed or unprimed mice. Increased FM1-specific Ab responses of PR8 infection-primed mice also broadened cross-reactivity against contemporary as well as antigenically more drifted strains. Further, prior infection heightened the protective efficacy of antigenically distant strains, such as A/Brisbane/59/2006 infection followed by immunization with split pandemic H1N1 vaccine (A/California/07/2009). Therefore, influenza infection is a significant priming event that intensifies future vaccine responses against drift strains.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.