Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26705361›Full record

ArticleJournal of the National Cancer Institute2016

Annual Medical Expenditure and Productivity Loss Among Colorectal, Female Breast, and Prostate Cancer Survivors in the United States.

Zhiyuan Zheng, K Robin Yabroff, Gery P Guy, Xuesong Han, Chunyu Li, Matthew P Banegas, Donatus U Ekwueme, Ahmedin Jemal

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 85 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
85citing papers in PubMed, 10 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

85 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Prognostic factors for return to work in breast cancer survivors.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025
    Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
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  6. Financial toxicity and employment status in cancer survivors. A systematic literature review.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2020
    Pooled it
  7. Financial Burdens of Cancer Treatment: A Systematic Review of Risk Factors and Outcomes.Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN · 2019
    Pooled it
  8. Work after prostate cancer: a systematic review.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2019
    Pooled it
  9. Pooled it
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  15. Smoking and productivity loss among working-age cancer survivors in the United States.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2025
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
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25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Zhiyuan ZhengAffiliations of authors:Surveillance and Health Services Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (ZZ, XH, AJ); Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute , Bethesda, MD (KRY); Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, GA (GPGJr, CL, DUE); The Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente , Portland, OR (MPB).
K Robin YabroffAffiliations of authors:Surveillance and Health Services Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (ZZ, XH, AJ); Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute , Bethesda, MD (KRY); Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, GA (GPGJr, CL, DUE); The Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente , Portland, OR (MPB).
Gery P GuyAffiliations of authors:Surveillance and Health Services Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (ZZ, XH, AJ); Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute , Bethesda, MD (KRY); Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, GA (GPGJr, CL, DUE); The Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente , Portland, OR (MPB).
Xuesong HanAffiliations of authors:Surveillance and Health Services Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (ZZ, XH, AJ); Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute , Bethesda, MD (KRY); Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, GA (GPGJr, CL, DUE); The Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente , Portland, OR (MPB).
Chunyu LiAffiliations of authors:Surveillance and Health Services Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (ZZ, XH, AJ); Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute , Bethesda, MD (KRY); Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, GA (GPGJr, CL, DUE); The Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente , Portland, OR (MPB).
Matthew P BanegasAffiliations of authors:Surveillance and Health Services Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (ZZ, XH, AJ); Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute , Bethesda, MD (KRY); Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, GA (GPGJr, CL, DUE); The Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente , Portland, OR (MPB).
Donatus U EkwuemeAffiliations of authors:Surveillance and Health Services Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (ZZ, XH, AJ); Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute , Bethesda, MD (KRY); Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, GA (GPGJr, CL, DUE); The Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente , Portland, OR (MPB).
Ahmedin JemalAffiliations of authors:Surveillance and Health Services Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (ZZ, XH, AJ); Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute , Bethesda, MD (KRY); Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, GA (GPGJr, CL, DUE); The Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente , Portland, OR (MPB).

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThere are limited nationally representative estimates of the annual economic burden among survivors of the three most prevalent cancers (colorectal, female breast, and prostate) in both nonelderly and elderly populations in the United States.

methodsThe 2008 to 2012 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data were used to identify colorectal (n = 540), female breast (n = 1568), and prostate (n = 1170) cancer survivors and individuals without a cancer history (n = 109 423). Excess economic burden attributable to cancer included per-person excess annual medical expenditures and productivity losses (employment disability, missed work days, and days stayed in bed). All analyses were stratified by cancer site and age (nonelderly: 18-64 years vs elderly: ≥ 65 years). Multivariable analyses controlled for age, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, education, number of comorbidities, and geographic region. All statistical tests were two-sided.

resultsCompared with individuals without a cancer history, cancer survivors experienced annual excess medical expenditures (for the nonelderly population, colorectal: $8647, 95% confidence interval [CI] = $4932 to $13 974, P < .001; breast: $5119, 95% CI = $3439 to $7158, P < .001; prostate: $3586, 95% CI = $1792 to $6076, P < .001; for the elderly population, colorectal: $4913, 95% CI = $2768 to $7470, P < .001; breast: $2288, 95% CI = $814 to $3995, P = .002; prostate: $3524, 95% CI = $1539 to $5909, P < .001). Nonelderly colorectal and breast cancer survivors experienced statistically significant annual excess employment disability (13.6%, P < .001, and 4.8%, P = .001) and productivity loss at work (7.2 days, P < .001, and 3.3 days, P = .002) and at home (4.5 days, P < .001, and 3.3 days, P = .003). In contrast, elderly survivors of all three cancer sites had comparable productivity losses as those without a cancer history.

conclusionsColorectal, breast, and prostate cancer survivors experienced statistically significantly higher economic burden compared with individuals without a cancer history; however, excess economic burden varies by cancer site and age. Targeted efforts will be important in reducing the economic burden of colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer.

Indexed as

Cost of IllnessAdultAgedBreast NeoplasmsColorectal NeoplasmsEfficiencyEmploymentFemaleHealth ExpendituresHumansMaleMiddle AgedProstatic NeoplasmsSurvivorsUnited StatesWork

Identifiers

PMID26705361
PMCPMC4849808

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.