Trial reportThe Journal of infectious diseases2016
Epidemiological Markers for Interactions Among Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus in Upper Respiratory Tract Carriage.
Trial report in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Antimicrobial Treatment for Acute Otitis Media on Carriage Dynamics of Penicillin-Susceptible and Penicillin-Nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2018Trial
- Changes in carriage and serotype diversity of Streptococcus pneumoniae and other respiratory pathobionts in the UK between pre-PCV13 (2006-10), early-PCV13 (2010-12) and late-PCV13 (2012-23) periods.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2025Article
- Longitudinal prevalence and co-carriage of pathogens associated with nursing home acquired pneumonia in three long-term care facilities.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Formation of a biofilm matrix network shapes polymicrobial interactions.The ISME journal · 2023Article
- Overnutrition, Nasopharyngeal Pathogenic Bacteria and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Infants with Viral Lower Respiratory Tract Infections.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Effectiveness of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines Against Community-acquired Alveolar Pneumonia Attributable to Vaccine-serotype Streptococcus pneumoniae Among Children.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- The Etiology of Pneumonia in HIV-1-infected South African Children in the Era of Antiretroviral Treatment: Findings From the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) Study.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2021Article
- Dose-specific Effectiveness of 7- and 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines Against Vaccine-serotype Streptococcus pneumoniae Colonization in Children.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- Uses of pathogen detection data to estimate vaccine direct effects in case-control studies.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2020Article
- Article
- Bias of Two-Level Scalability Coefficients and Their Standard Errors.Applied psychological measurement · 2020Article
- Panel 7 - Pathogenesis of otitis media - a review of the literature between 2015 and 2019.International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology · 2020Review
- How nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage evolved during and after a PCV13-to-PCV10 vaccination programme switch in Belgium, 2016 to 2018.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2020Article
- Observational
- Rapid and direct molecular detection ofNew microbes and new infections · 2020Article
- Factors associated with pneumococcal carriage and density in children and adults in Fiji, using four cross-sectional surveys.PloS one · 2020Article
- Immune Network Modeling Predicts Specific Nasopharyngeal and Peripheral Immune Dysregulation in Otitis-Prone Children.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Patterns and Predictors ofJournal of clinical microbiology · 2019Article
- Estimated impact of revising the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine schedule from 2+1 to 1+1 in England and Wales: A modelling study.PLoS medicine · 2019Article
- Nasal swab bacteriology by PCR during the first 24-months of life: A prospective birth cohort study.Pediatric pulmonology · 2019Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCocolonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae among children has been noted in numerous studies, as has an inverse relationship involving colonization with these species and Staphylococcus aureus. Interactions among these pathogens could mediate unanticipated outcomes of clinical interventions, including changes in H. influenzae and S. aureus disease incidence following pneumococcal vaccine introduction. However, it remains unclear whether cocolonization patterns represent true interspecies interactions or whether they result from confounding factors.
methodsWe investigated polymicrobial carriage using longitudinal data from 369 Bedouin children and 400 Jewish children in Israel who were enrolled in a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) trial. Children were swabbed 10 times between 2 and 30 months of age.
resultsThe pathogens followed distinct age and seasonal distributions, but polymicrobial carriage associations persisted after controlling for these and other confounding factors. Receipt of PCV7 resulted in pneumococcal serotype replacement but did not influence total carriage of S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, or S. aureus.
conclusionsThe fact that S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and S. aureus polymicrobial carriage patterns do not result from confounding by age and season supports the idea of active interspecies interactions. However, pneumococcal serotype replacement may prevent changes in H. influenzae and S. aureus carriage among PCV7 recipients.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.