Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26704522›Full record

Trial reportArthritis research & therapy2015

Predictors of lung function decline in scleroderma-related interstitial lung disease based on high-resolution computed tomography: implications for cohort enrichment in systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease trials.

Dinesh Khanna, Vivek Nagaraja, Chi-Hong Tseng, Fereidoun Abtin, Robert Suh, Grace Kim, Athol Wells, Daniel E Furst, Philip J Clements, Michael D Roth and 2 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract readMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Arthritis research & therapy, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00004563 (Cyclophosphamide Versus Placebo in Scleroderma Lung Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 61 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
61citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
6.2field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT00004563 phase3completednot on this map

Cyclophosphamide Versus Placebo in Scleroderma Lung Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorThe University of Texas Health Science Center, HoustonRan1999 to 2013Enrolled158ConditionsLung Diseases, Pulmonary Fibrosis, Systemic Scleroderma, Scleroderma, SystemicArmsCyclophosphamide, Placebo
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

61 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 125 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Guideline
  2. A systematic review of the role of quantitative CT in the prognostication and disease monitoring of interstitial lung disease.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2025
    Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Guideline
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Pulmonary function tests as outcomes for systemic sclerosis interstitial lung disease.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2018
    Pooled it
  8. Trial
  9. Trial
  10. Trial
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Associations with, and predictors of, progression in systemic sclerosis-related interstitial lung disease: a scoping literature review.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026
    Article
  17. Review
  18. [Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine · 2025
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Dinesh KhannaUniversity of Michigan Scleroderma Program, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Suite 7C27, 300 North Ingalls Street, SPC 5422, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. khannad@med.umich.edu.
Vivek NagarajaDivision of Rheumatology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA. vivek.nagaraja@utoledo.edu.
Chi-Hong TsengDepartment of Biostatistics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. ctseng@mednet.ucla.edu.
Fereidoun AbtinDepartment of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. fabtin@mednet.ucla.net.
Robert SuhDepartment of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. rsuh@mednet.ucla.net.
Grace KimDepartment of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. gracekim@mednet.ucla.net.
Athol WellsDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK. athol.wells@rbht.nhs.uk.
Daniel E FurstDepartment of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. defurst@mednet.ucla.net.
Philip J ClementsDepartment of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. pclements@mednet.ucla.net.
Michael D RothDepartment of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. mroth@mednet.ucla.net.
Donald P TashkinDepartment of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. dtashkin@mednet.ucla.net.
Jonathan GoldinDepartment of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. jgoldin@mednet.ucla.net.
University of California, Los Angeles · USRoyal Brompton Hospital · GBUniversity of Michigan · USUniversity of Toledo · US

Funding

SCLERODERMA LUNG STUDYU01HL060587 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI TASHKIN, DONALD P · 1999 to 2003
$2.3M
MOCSLID-CCCR01HL089758 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI TASHKIN, DONALD P · 2008 to 2012
$2.0M
SCLERODERMA LUNG STUDYU01HL060606 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI ELASHOFF, ROBERT M · 1999 to 2006
$1.3M
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL089758NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL060587NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL060606NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL60587NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL60606Versus Arthritis 20719
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe extent of lung involvement visualized by high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is a predictor of decline in forced vital capacity (FVC) in scleroderma-interstitial lung disease. Our objective was to evaluate the performance of three different HRCT-defined staging systems in the Scleroderma Lung Study I (SLS I) over a 1-year period.

methodsWe assessed two visual semiquantitative scores: the maximum fibrosis score (MaxFib, the fibrosis score in the zone of maximal lung involvement) and visual assessment of total lung involvement (TLI) as proposed by Goh and Wells. In addition, we evaluated the computer-aided diagnosis and calculated the quantitative percentage with fibrosis (QLF) and TLI.

resultsThe mean duration of the disease was 3.2 years, and the mean FVC was 67.7 %. Regardless of the staging system used, a greater degree of fibrosis/TLI on HRCT scans was associated with a greater decline in FVC in the placebo group. Using the MaxFib and QLF, the mean absolute changes in FVC from baseline were 0.1% and -1.4%, respectively, in <25% lung involvement vs. a change of -6.2% and -6.9%, respectively, with >25% involvement (negative score denotes worsening in FVC). Conversely, cyclophosphamide was able to stabilize decline in FVC in subjects with greater degree of involvement detected by HRCT. Using the visual MaxFib and QLF, the mean absolute improvements in FVC were 1.2 and 1.1, respectively, with >25% involvement.

conclusionsHRCT-defined lung involvement was a predictor of decline in FVC in SLS I. The choice of staging system for cohort enrichment in a clinical trial depends on feasibility.

trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00004563 (Scleroderma Lung Study I) ISRCTN15982171. Registered 19 Aug 2015.

Indexed as

AdultCyclophosphamideDiagnosis, Computer-AssistedDouble-Blind MethodFemaleHumansImmunosuppressive AgentsLung Diseases, InterstitialMaleMiddle AgedRespiratory Function TestsScleroderma, SystemicTomography, X-Ray ComputedCyclophosphamideImmunosuppressive Agents

Identifiers

PMID26704522
PMCPMC4718035
OpenAlexW2206255006

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.