ArticleToxins2015
Characterization of Ricin and R. communis Agglutinin Reference Materials.
Article in Toxins, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed.
- Development of an InnovativeToxins · 2026Article
- Differential Thermal Inactivation Enables Simultaneous Quantitation of Ricin and Abrin.Toxins · 2026Article
- Ricin as a Biothreat Agent: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Toxicology, Forensic Aspects, and Risk Mitigation.BioMed research international · 2026Review
- Article
- Article
- Review
- Highly Sensitive Suspension Immunoassay for Multiplex Detection, Differentiation, and Quantification of EightToxins · 2025Article
- A 20-Year Retrospective Analysis of Plant Poisoning Cases at the Naval Hospital, Varna, Bulgaria.Toxins · 2025Article
- Article
- An Advanced Sensing Approach to Biological Toxins with Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectroscopy Based on Their Unique Protein Quaternary Structures.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- Rapid detection of ricin at trace levels in complex matrices by asialofetuin-coated beads and bottom-up proteomics using high-resolution mass spectrometry.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2024Article
- Mass Spectrometric Detection and Differentiation of Enzymatically Active Abrin and Ricin Combined with a Novel Affinity Enrichment Technique.Chemical research in toxicology · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- [Analysis and identification of suspected snake venom samples using nano-ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry].Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography · 2023Article
- A Historical Review of Brain Drug Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Article
- Innovative and Highly Sensitive Detection ofToxins · 2021Article
- [Highly toxic type Ⅱ ribosome-inactivating proteins ricin and abrin and their detection methods: a review].Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ricinus communis intoxications have been known for centuries and were attributed to the toxic protein ricin. Due to its toxicity, availability, ease of preparation, and the lack of medical countermeasures, ricin attracted interest as a potential biological warfare agent. While different technologies for ricin analysis have been established, hardly any universally agreed-upon "gold standards" are available. Expert laboratories currently use differently purified in-house materials, making any comparison of accuracy and sensitivity of different methods nearly impossible. Technically challenging is the discrimination of ricin from R. communis agglutinin (RCA120), a less toxic but highly homologous protein also contained in R. communis. Here, we established both highly pure ricin and RCA120 reference materials which were extensively characterized by gel electrophoresis, liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI MS/MS), and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight approaches as well as immunological and functional techniques. Purity reached >97% for ricin and >99% for RCA120. Different isoforms of ricin and RCA120 were identified unambiguously and distinguished by LC-ESI MS/MS. In terms of function, a real-time cytotoxicity assay showed that ricin is approximately 300-fold more toxic than RCA120. The highly pure ricin and RCA120 reference materials were used to conduct an international proficiency test.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.