ArticleThe Journal of general virology2016
NB protein does not affect influenza B virus replication in vitro and is not required for replication in or transmission between ferrets.
Article in The Journal of general virology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Divergent pathogenic mechanisms of influenza A and influenza B viruses.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Genetic characterization and whole-genome sequencing-based genetic analysis of influenza B in Shandong Province during 2015-2024.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Review
- Evolution of Influenza Viruses-Drug Resistance, Treatment Options, and Prospects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Review
- Reverse genetics for influenza B viruses and recent advances in vaccine development.Current opinion in virology · 2020Review
- Influenza A virus is transmissible via aerosolized fomites.Nature communications · 2020Article
- The Development and Use of Reporter Influenza B Viruses.Viruses · 2019Review
- Characterization of Influenza B Virus Variants with Reduced Neuraminidase Inhibitor Susceptibility.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The influenza B virus encodes a unique protein, NB, a membrane protein whose function in the replication cycle is not, as yet, understood. We engineered a recombinant influenza B virus lacking NB expression, with no concomitant difference in expression or activity of viral neuraminidase (NA) protein, an important caveat since NA is encoded on the same segment and initiated from a start codon just 4 nt downstream of NB. Replication of the virus lacking NB was not different to wild-type virus with full-length NB in clonal immortalized or complex primary cell cultures. In the mouse model, virus lacking NB induced slightly lower IFN-α levels in infected lungs, but this did not affect virus titres or weight loss. In ferrets infected with a mixture of viruses that did or did not express NB, there was no fitness advantage for the virus that retained NB. Moreover, virus lacking NB protein was transmitted following respiratory droplet exposure of sentinel animals. These data suggest no role for NB in supporting replication or transmission in vivo in this animal model. The role of NB and the nature of selection to retain it in all natural influenza B viruses remain unclear.
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Registered trials
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