ReviewJournal of anaesthesiology, clinical pharmacology
Topical anesthesia.
Review in Journal of anaesthesiology, clinical pharmacology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06165432 (Effectiveness of Pre Injection Use of Cryoanesthesia as Compared to Topical Anesthetic Gel in Reducing Pain Perception During Palatal Injections), which is not on this map. Cited by 75 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effectiveness of Pre Injection Use of Cryoanesthesia as Compared to Topical Anesthetic Gel in Reducing Pain Perception During Palatal Injections
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 151 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Efficacy and Safety of Hyaluronic Acid Injection in Tear Trough Deformity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy of Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetics on Pain Control During Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2020Pooled it
- The effect of virtual reality on skin prick test-related pain and fear in children: a randomized controlled trial.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Trial
- Evaluation of EMLA cream with microneedle patches in palatal anesthesia in children: a randomized controlled clinical trial.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Comparison of lidocaine viscous gargle and topical application on laryngeal mask airway in general anesthesia: A randomized clinical trial.Saudi medical journal · 2024Trial
- Cooling spray or lidocaine spray and needle insertion pain in hemodialysis patients: an open-label cross-over randomized clinical trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2023Trial
- Cardiovascular Safety and Hemostatic Efficacy of Topical Epinephrine in Children Receiving Zirconia Crowns.Anesthesia progress · 2021Trial
- The impact of topical lidocaine and timing of LMA removal on the incidence of airway events during the recovery period in children: a randomized controlled trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2021Trial
- Comparing the Efficacy of a Compound Topical Anesthetic Versus Benzocaine: A Pilot Study.Anesthesia progress · 2020Trial
- Comparison of the efficacy of ShotBlocker and cold spray in reducing intramuscular injection-related pain in adults. A prospective, randomized, controlled trial.Saudi medical journal · 2019Trial
- Efficacy of Topical Benzocaine in Maxilla: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Anesthesia progress · 2019Trial
- Efficacy and safety of a triple active sore throat lozenge in the treatment of patients with acute pharyngitis: Results of a multi-centre, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group trial (DoriPha).International journal of clinical practice · 2018Trial
- Evaluation of phytochemical components, cytotoxicity, and molecular docking ofJournal of dental anesthesia and pain medicine · 2026Article
- Nebulized Lidocaine Through a Channeled Endoscope for Office Laryngology Procedures.The Laryngoscope · 2026Article
- Phosphosulindac (OXT-328) restores the suppressed corneal sensitivity in rabbits with dry eye disease: therapeutic implications.Frontiers in drug delivery · 2026Article
- Dermal Concentration Versus Systemic Bioavailability of Topical Lidocaine and Tetracaine: An Exploratory Pharmacokinetic Pilot Study in Göttingen Minipigs.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Pain management strategies for peripheral arterial puncture/cannulation in neonates: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Paediatrics & child health · 2025Article
- Article
- Topical Lignocaine to Tide Over the Itch Crisis in Cholestasis of Pregnancy - A Biographical Case Report.Indian dermatology online journal · 2025Article
- Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of Lidocaine Hydrochloride via Dissolvable Microneedles (LH-DMNs) for Rapid Local Anesthesia.Biosensors · 2025Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Topical anesthetics are being widely used in numerous medical and surgical sub-specialties such as anesthesia, ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngology, dentistry, urology, and aesthetic surgery. They cause superficial loss of pain sensation after direct application. Their delivery and effectiveness can be enhanced by using free bases; by increasing the drug concentration, lowering the melting point; by using physical and chemical permeation enhancers and lipid delivery vesicles. Various topical anesthetic agents available for use are eutectic mixture of local anesthetics, ELA-max, lidocaine, epinephrine, tetracaine, bupivanor, 4% tetracaine, benzocaine, proparacaine, Betacaine-LA, topicaine, lidoderm, S-caine patch™ and local anesthetic peel. While using them, careful attention must be paid to their pharmacology, area and duration of application, age and weight of the patients and possible side-effects.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.