Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26702035›Full record

ReviewProceedings. Biological sciences2015

Evolution of the immune system in humans from infancy to old age.

A Katharina Simon, Georg A Hollander, Andrew McMichael

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Proceedings. Biological sciences, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 982 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
982citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

982 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  12. Article
  13. Observational
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  15. Review
  16. Myeloid TLR2 signaling amplifies immunopathology in influenza-infected murine neonates.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2026
    Article
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  19. Article
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922 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

A Katharina SimonNuffield Department of Medicine, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4077-7995
Georg A HollanderDepartment of Paediatrics, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.
Andrew McMichaelNuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK andrew.mcmichael@ndm.ox.ac.uk.

Funding

Wellcome Trust 103830
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This article reviews the development of the immune response through neonatal, infant and adult life, including pregnancy, ending with the decline in old age. A picture emerges of a child born with an immature, innate and adaptive immune system, which matures and acquires memory as he or she grows. It then goes into decline in old age. These changes are considered alongside the risks of different types of infection, autoimmune disease and malignancy.

Indexed as

Adaptive ImmunityAgingAutoimmune DiseasesBiological EvolutionCommunicable DiseasesFemaleHumansImmune SystemImmunity, InnateNeoplasmsPregnancyadaptive immunityinfectionsinnate immunity

Identifiers

PMID26702035
PMCPMC4707740

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.