ArticleNeuroscience2016
Synergies in the space of control variables within the equilibrium-point hypothesis.
Article in Neuroscience, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed.
- Two-digit grasp as pointing movements by the opposing digits: evidence based on the uncontrolled manifold analysis.Experimental brain research · 2026Article
- Whole-body pointing as superposition of two multi-joint components.Experimental brain research · 2026Article
- The equilibrium point hypothesis revisited: why threshold control does not explain human movement.Experimental brain research · 2026Review
- Stability of performance in a hierarchical system during isometric force production and effects of visual feedback.Experimental brain research · 2025Article
- Two aspects of feed-forward control of action stability: effects of action speed and unexpected events.Experimental brain research · 2024Article
- Muscle synergies for multidirectional isometric force generation during maintenance of upright standing posture.Experimental brain research · 2024Article
- Are reaching and grasping effector-independent? Similarities and differences in reaching and grasping kinematics between the hand and foot.Experimental brain research · 2022Article
- Unintentional force drifts across the human fingers: implications for the neural control of finger tasks.Experimental brain research · 2022Article
- Reciprocal and coactivation commands at the level of individual motor units in an extrinsic finger flexor-extensor muscle pair.Experimental brain research · 2022Article
- Recent Advances in the Neural Control of Movements: Lessons for Functional Recovery.Physical therapy research · 2022Review
- One more time about motor (and non-motor) synergies.Experimental brain research · 2021Review
- Synergies at the level of motor units in single-finger and multi-finger tasks.Experimental brain research · 2021Article
- Efference copy in kinesthetic perception: a copy of what is it?Journal of neurophysiology · 2021Review
- Production and Perception of Intentional and Unintentional Actions.Journal of human kinetics · 2021Article
- Understanding and Synergy: A Single Concept at Different Levels of Analysis?Frontiers in systems neuroscience · 2021Review
- Frequency-Dependent Effects on Coordination and Prefrontal Hemodynamics During Finger Force Production Tasks.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2021Article
- Biomechanics of Vertical Posture and Control with Referent Joint Configurations.Journal of motor behavior · 2021Article
- Stability of Action and Kinesthetic Perception in Parkinson's Disease.Journal of human kinetics · 2021Article
- What do people match when they try to match force? Analysis at the level of hypothetical control variables.Experimental brain research · 2020Article
- Quantitative analysis of multi-element synergy stabilizing performance: comparison of three methods with respect to their use in clinical studies.Experimental brain research · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
We use an approach rooted in the recent theory of synergies to analyze possible co-variation between two hypothetical control variables involved in finger force production based on the equilibrium-point (EP) hypothesis. These control variables are the referent coordinate (R) and apparent stiffness (C) of the finger. We tested a hypothesis that inter-trial co-variation in the {R; C} space during repeated, accurate force production trials stabilizes the fingertip force. This was expected to correspond to a relatively low amount of inter-trial variability affecting force and a high amount of variability keeping the force unchanged. We used the "inverse piano" apparatus to apply small and smooth positional perturbations to fingers during force production tasks. Across trials, R and C showed strong co-variation with the data points lying close to a hyperbolic curve. Hyperbolic regressions accounted for over 99% of the variance in the {R; C} space. Another analysis was conducted by randomizing the original {R; C} data sets and creating surrogate data sets that were then used to compute predicted force values. The surrogate sets always showed much higher force variance compared to the actual data, thus reinforcing the conclusion that finger force control was organized in the {R; C} space, as predicted by the EP hypothesis, and involved co-variation in that space stabilizing total force.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.