ReviewNeuroradiology2016
Punctate and curvilinear gadolinium enhancing lesions in the brain: a practical approach.
Review in Neuroradiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guidelines on Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System (PACNS).European stroke journal · 2023Guideline
- New MRI findings of late delayed radiation injuries in long-term survivors after radiotherapy: punctate enhancing dot-, oval-, or rod-like lesions.Neuroradiology · 2026Article
- Erdheim-Chester Disease Masquerading as CLIPPERS.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: from macrophage activation syndrome to CLIPPERS.Journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS): contemporary advances and current controversies.Journal of neurology · 2024Review
- Cerebral enhancement in MOG antibody-associated disease.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2023Observational
- "Bunch of acai berries sign": a new radiological sign in patients with CNS involvement in Chagas disease.Neuroradiology · 2023Article
- CLIPPERS manifesting with dizziness: Recognizable and treatable.SAGE open medical case reports · 2023Article
- Multiple Cerebral Infarction Associated with Cerebral Vasculitis in a Patient with Ulcerative Colitis.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2021Article
- Retrospective Observational Study of Brain MRI Findings in Patients with Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Neurologic Manifestations.Radiology · 2020Observational
- Atypical Deep Cerebral Vein Thrombosis with Hemorrhagic Venous Infarction in a Patient Positive for COVID-19.AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology · 2020Article
- Two New Cases and Literature Review of CLIPPERS Syndrome with Long-Term Follow-up.Noro psikiyatri arsivi · 2020Article
- CD8BMC neurology · 2020Article
- Brain miliary enhancement.Neuroradiology · 2020Review
- Clinical and Radiological Features of Adult Onset Bilateral Medial Frontal Cerebral Cortical Encephalitis With Anti-myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Review
- The "milky way" galaxy of HIV-related central nervous system immune reaction syndromes.Journal of neurovirology · 2019Article
- Unusual CLIPPERS presentation and role of MRI examination in the proper diagnostic assessment: A case report.European journal of radiology open · 2019Article
- Neuroradiological features of lymphomatosis cerebri: A systematic review of the English literature with a new case report.Oncology letters · 2018Article
- CLIPPERS.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2017Review
- Therapeutic Approaches in CLIPPERS.Current treatment options in neurology · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionCerebral punctate and curvilinear gadolinium enhancements (PCGE) correspond to opacification of small vessel lumen or its perivascular areas in case of blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. We will discuss the possible causes of intra-parenchymal central nervous system PCGE.
methodsOur review is based on French database including patients presenting with central nervous system PCGE and literature search using PubMed database with the following keywords: punctate enhancement, linear enhancement, and curvilinear enhancement. Disorders which displayed linear leptomeningeal or periventricular enhancements without intra-parenchymal PCGE are excluded of this review.
resultsAmong our 39 patients with PCGE, 16 different diagnoses were established. After combining our PCGE causes with those described in the literature, we propose a practical approach. Besides physiologic post-contrast enhancement of small vessels, three pathologic conditions may exhibit PCGE: (1) small collateral artery network seen in Moyamoya syndrome, (2) small veins congestions related to developmental or acquired venous outflow disturbance, and (3) disorders causing small vessels BBB disruption indicated by T2 and FLAIR hyperintensities in the corresponding areas of PCGE. Disruption of the BBB could be caused by a direct injury of the endothelial cell, as in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, Susac syndrome, and radiochemotherapy-induced injuries, or by an angiocentric cellular infiltrate, as in inflammatory disorders, demyelinating diseases, host immune responses fighting against infections, prelymphoma states, lymphoma, and in CLIPPERS.
conclusionPCGE may conceal several causes, including physiological and pathological conditions. Nevertheless, a practical approach could improve its management and limit the indications of brain biopsy to very specific situations.
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