ReviewThe Lancet. Respiratory medicine2016
The microbiome and critical illness.
Review in The Lancet. Respiratory medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 271 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
271 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 432 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gut microbiome changes in critically ill adults: a systematic review of longitudinal sequencing studies.Critical care science · 2026Pooled it
- Strategies to Maximize the Benefits of Evidence-Based Enteral Nutrition: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Bibliometric analysis of sepsis and gut microbiota: Trends from 2014 to 2024.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- Modifications of lung microbiota structure in traumatic brain injury ventilated patients according to time and enteral feeding formulas: a prospective randomized study.Critical care (London, England) · 2023Trial
- A multistage micro-nano biosystem prevents sepsis-associated encephalopathy through coordinated neuroinflammation suppression and gut-brain axis modulation.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Targeting integrated cell death networks in sepsis‑associated acute kidney injury: Shared regulatory nodes and diet‑related small molecule modulation (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Pleiotropic modulation of the gut-brain-lung axis by ketamine and its enantiomers.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Alterations of the host-lung microbiome metasystem in systemic inflammatory response syndrome is associated with secondary pneumonia.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Unveiling Gut Homeostasis Disruption in Sepsis: Towards an Integrated Mechanistic and Translational Roadmap.Cell proliferation · 2026Review
- Beyond Description: A Functional GIUS-Based Algorithm for Enteral Feeding Decisions in the ICU.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Comparative Genome Analysis of High-RiskMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Metabolic footprint of sepsis and septic shock: A narrative review.World journal of critical care medicine · 2026Review
- Lung Microbiome Diversity, Infection Dynamics, and Microbe-Mediated Cross-Protection.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Review
- The gut-lung axis in ARDS: beyond microbial translocation.Respiratory research · 2026Review
- Early Gut Microbiome-Short-Chain Fatty Acid Axis Disruption May Be Associated with Delayed Recovery in Critically Ill Children.Nutrients · 2026Observational
- Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2026.Intensive care medicine · 2026Article
- Host-microbiome archetypes differentiate infection from pathogen carriage in the human lower airway.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The effects of high-protein vs conventional protein enteral nutrition on intestinal permeability, severity of disease, and mortality in critically ill intensive care unit Patients: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2026Article
- Microbial signatures and host immune responses associated with the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia among patients with neurological injuries.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Airway microbiome dysbiosis in severe pneumonia: metagenomic evidence of pathogen expansion and commensal depletion.European journal of medical research · 2026Article
211 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The central role of the microbiome in critical illness is supported by a half century of experimental and clinical study. The physiological effects of critical illness and the clinical interventions of intensive care substantially alter the microbiome. In turn, the microbiome predicts patients' susceptibility to disease, and manipulation of the microbiome has prevented or modulated critical illness in animal models and clinical trials. This Review surveys the microbial ecology of critically ill patients, presents the facts and unanswered questions surrounding gut-derived sepsis, and explores the radically altered ecosystem of the injured alveolus. The revolution in culture-independent microbiology has provided the tools needed to target the microbiome rationally for the prevention and treatment of critical illness, holding great promise to improve the acute and chronic outcomes of the critically ill.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.