ArticleInternational urogynecology journal2016
What is normal bladder neck anatomy?
Article in International urogynecology journal, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Navigating pelvic anatomy for exenteration: a clinical guide for radiologists.The British journal of radiology · 2026Review
- A Multimodal Ultrasound Approach Combining Transperineal and Transrectal Shear Wave Elastography for Early Prediction of Stress Urinary Incontinence in Women.Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine · 2026Article
- Prediction of risk factors for postpartum stress urinary incontinence based on pelvic floor ultrasound combined with clinical information.SAGE open medicine · 2026Article
- Predictive Measurement of Urethral Mobility for Successful Transurethral Bulkamid Application in Women with Stress Urinary Incontinence.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Assessment of Urethral Elasticity by Shear Wave Elastography: A Novel Parameter Bridging a Gap Between Hypermobility and ISD in Female Stress Urinary Incontinence.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Upright Open MRI (MRO) Evaluation of the Anatomic Effects of Yoga Postures on the Bladder Neck and Urethra.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Investigating the Impact of Benign Indication Hysterectomy on Pelvic Floor Symptoms and Sexual Function: A Prospective Study Integrating Pelvic Floor Ultrasonography and Surface Electromyography Test.Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Comparison of Cross-Sectional Area of Pubovisceral Muscle in Nulliparous and Primiparous Women.International urogynecology journal · 2024Observational
- Pelvic floor parameters predict postpartum stress urinary incontinence: a prospective MRI study.Insights into imaging · 2023Article
- Visualized Urethral Mobility Profile During Urine Leakage in Supine and Standing Positions.Ultraschall in der Medizin (Stuttgart, Germany : 1980) · 2023Article
- Perineal ultrasound to assess the urethral spatial movement in stress urinary incontinence in women.BMC urology · 2023Article
- Ultrasound assessment of urethral structure and bladder neck position in women with different parities.International urogynecology journal · 2022Article
- Urethral configuration and mobility during urine leaking described using real-time transperineal ultrasonography.Ultrasonography (Seoul, Korea) · 2022Article
- Rotational forceps: a retrospective study evaluating anatomical and functional consequences for the pelvic floor.International urogynecology journal · 2021Observational
- Intra- and inter-rater reliability of urethral mobility measurement by ultrasound in women: a cross-section study.International urogynecology journal · 2021Article
- Epidemiological Features of the Bladder Neck Rest Position and Mobility.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- Clinical and ultrasonographic evaluation of the pelvic floor in primiparous women: a cross-sectional study.International urogynecology journal · 2018Article
- Is Bariatric Surgery a Prophylaxis for Pelvic Floor Disorders?Obesity surgery · 2018Article
- Article
- Protective Role of Moolabandha While Practicing Bhastrika and Kapalabhati by Women Vulnerable to Bladder Dysfunction: A Preliminary Ultrasound Study.International journal of yogaArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introduction and hypothesisFunctional anatomy of the bladder neck and proximal urethra has been studied extensively because of the belief that it is important for urinary continence. The aim of this study was to explore the limits of normality for pelvic floor ultrasound parameters of bladder neck and urethral mobility associated with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and urodynamic stress incontinence (USI).
methodsA retrospective study was conducted on 589 women seen for urodynamic testing in a tertiary urogynaecology clinic. All women were assessed following a protocol including interview, clinical examination, flowmetry, urodynamic testing and 4D pelvic floor ultrasound. Volume data sets were analysed offline to assess for bladder neck descent (BND), urethral rotation and the retrovesical angle (RVA) on maximal Valsalva.
resultsAfter excluding women with previous incontinence or prolapse surgery, 429 datasets were available. SI was significantly associated with the RVA (p = 0.033) and BND (p = 0.036); USI was associated with urethral rotation (p = 0.021) and BND (p < 0.001). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, controlling for confounders including age, BMI, parity, previous hysterectomy and maximal urethral pressure, the association between SUI and BND remained significant (OR [per 10 mm] = 1.23; 95 % CI: 1.01 to 1.51; p = 0.043), as did the association between USI and BND (OR [per 10 mm] = 1.58; 95 % CI: 1.3 to 1.91; p < 0.001). ROC statistics for BND suggested a cut-off of 25 mm in describing the limit of normality.
conclusionsMeasures of functional bladder neck anatomy are weakly associated with SUI and USI (with association between BND and USI being the strongest). It is suggested that a BND of 25 mm or higher be defined as abnormal ("hypermobile") on the basis of its association with USI.
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