Trial reportThe New England journal of medicine2015
Azithromycin versus Doxycycline for Urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis Infection.
Trial report in The New England journal of medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00980148 (Randomized Clinical Trial Evaluating Treatment Failure Following Recommended Therapy), which is not on this map. Cited by 46 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Randomized Clinical Trial Evaluating Treatment Failure Following Recommended Therapy (Azithromycin Versus Doxycycline) for Genital Chlamydial Infection in Males and Females in Youth Correctional Facilities
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 111 citations in OpenAlex.
- German evidence- and consensus-based guideline on the management of penile urethritis.Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG · 2025Guideline
- Antibiotics for treating urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in men and non-pregnant women.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Treatment of Chlamydia and Gonorrhea in Primary Care and Its Patient-Level Variation: An American Family Cohort Study.Annals of family medicine · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance in Curable Sexually Transmitted Infections.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2025Review
- Article
- Doxycycline Post-Exposure Prophylaxis for Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections: The Current Landscape and Future Directions.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2024Review
- Update on sexually transmitted infections in Korea: a narrative review.Ewha medical journal · 2024Review
- Antimicrobial treatment and resistance in sexually transmitted bacterial infections.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2024Review
- Clinical Updates in Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2024.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2024Review
- In Search of a Mechanistic Link between Chlamydia trachomatis-Induced Cellular Pathophysiology and Oncogenesis.Infection and immunity · 2023Review
- Adherence to New CDC Chlamydia Treatment Guidelines in Adolescents: Effective Uptake and Equitable Implementation.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2023Article
- Diagnosis and Management of Uncomplicated Chlamydia trachomatis Infections in Adolescents and Adults: Summary of Evidence Reviewed for the 2021 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
- Controversies and evidence on Chlamydia testing and treatment in asymptomatic women and men who have sex with men: a narrative review.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Review
- COVID-19 Drug Repurposing: A Network-Based Framework for Exploring Biomedical Literature and Clinical Trials for Possible Treatments.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Optimizing Screening for Anorectal, Pharyngeal, and Urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infections in At-Risk Adolescents and Young Adults in New Orleans, Louisiana and Los Angeles, California, United States.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- An overview of genes and mutations associated with Chlamydiae species' resistance to antibiotics.Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2021Review
- Seroprevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis Among Female Adults in the United States: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- Chlamydial clinical isolates show subtle differences in persistence phenotypes and growthAccess microbiology · 2021Article
- Impact of First-Line Antimicrobials onFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundUrogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infection remains prevalent and causes substantial reproductive morbidity. Recent studies have raised concern about the efficacy of azithromycin for the treatment of chlamydia infection.
methodsWe conducted a randomized trial comparing oral azithromycin with doxycycline for the treatment of urogenital chlamydia infection among adolescents in youth correctional facilities, to evaluate the noninferiority of azithromycin (1 g in one dose) to doxycycline (100 mg twice daily for 7 days). The treatment was directly observed. The primary end point was treatment failure at 28 days after treatment initiation, with treatment failure determined on the basis of nucleic acid amplification testing, sexual history, and outer membrane protein A (OmpA) genotyping of C. trachomatis strains.
resultsAmong the 567 participants enrolled, 284 were randomly assigned to receive azithromycin, and 283 were randomly assigned to receive doxycycline. A total of 155 participants in each treatment group (65% male) made up the per-protocol population. There were no treatment failures in the doxycycline group. In the azithromycin group, treatment failure occurred in 5 participants (3.2%; 95% confidence interval, 0.4 to 7.4%). The observed difference in failure rates between the treatment groups was 3.2 percentage points, with an upper boundary of the 90% confidence interval of 5.9 percentage points, which exceeded the prespecified absolute 5-percentage-point cutoff for establishing the noninferiority of azithromycin.
conclusionsIn the context of a closed population receiving directly observed treatment for urogenital chlamydia infection, the efficacy of azithromycin was 97%, and the efficacy of doxycycline was 100%. The noninferiority of azithromycin was not established in this setting. (Funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00980148.).
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.