ReviewNature reviews. Rheumatology2016
Activation of mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) in rheumatic diseases.
Review in Nature reviews. Rheumatology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 190 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
190 citing papers in PubMed, 315 citations in OpenAlex.
- A phase 2 and pharmacological study of sapanisertib in patients with relapsed and/or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Cancer medicine · 2023Trial
- Low-Dose Sirolimus Immunoregulation Therapy in Patients with Active Rheumatoid Arthritis: A 24-Week Follow-Up of the Randomized, Open-Label, Parallel-Controlled Trial.Journal of immunology research · 2019Trial
- Sirolimus in patients with clinically active systemic lupus erythematosus resistant to, or intolerant of, conventional medications: a single-arm, open-label, phase 1/2 trial.Lancet (London, England) · 2018Trial
- Genetic contributions to lupus nephritis in a multi-ethnic cohort of systemic lupus erythematous patients.PloS one · 2018Trial
- Hepatic control of immunometabolism: implications for the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic diseases.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Hepatic control of immunometabolism: implications for the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic diseases.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Gut metaproteomics reveals activated arginine catabolism and impaired arginine biosynthesis in systemic lupus erythematosus.mSystems · 2026Article
- Review
- From Genes to Pathways: The Molecular Landscape of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Metabolic reprogramming of Th17/Treg imbalance in autoimmune thyroid diseases.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Viral-host interactions mediated by the mTOR signaling pathway.Cell insight · 2026Review
- Endosome traffic in rheumatic diseases: mechanistic insights and therapeutic opportunities.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Targeting mTOR in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: From Immune Cell Dysfunction to Clinical Translation.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- Sirolimus application in patients with autoimmune-associated kidney diseases based on mTORC1 activation: a preliminary exploration and future perspectives.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- The landscape of cellular immune alteration in systemic lupus erythematosus.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The Role of Synovitis and Latent Transcription Factors in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis.Current rheumatology reviews · 2026Review
- CD38+ NK cells: novel players in immunoregulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Genetic burden across core genes of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway is associated with susceptibility to microscopic polyangiitis: a Chinese cohort study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- mTOR Signaling Pathway in Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Targets.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
- Rapamycin treatment ameliorates HLA-B27-mediated gut inflammation and alters the microbiome in experimental spondyloarthritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
130 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR, also known as mammalian target of rapamycin) is a ubiquitous serine/threonine kinase that regulates cell growth, proliferation and survival. These effects are cell-type-specific, and are elicited in response to stimulation by growth factors, hormones and cytokines, as well as to internal and external metabolic cues. Rapamycin was initially developed as an inhibitor of T-cell proliferation and allograft rejection in the organ transplant setting. Subsequently, its molecular target (mTOR) was identified as a component of two interacting complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, that regulate T-cell lineage specification and macrophage differentiation. mTORC1 drives the proinflammatory expansion of T helper (TH) type 1, TH17, and CD4(-)CD8(-) (double-negative, DN) T cells. Both mTORC1 and mTORC2 inhibit the development of CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) T regulatory (TREG) cells and, indirectly, mTORC2 favours the expansion of T follicular helper (TFH) cells which, similarly to DN T cells, promote B-cell activation and autoantibody production. In contrast to this proinflammatory effect of mTORC2, mTORC1 favours, to some extent, an anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization that is protective against infections and tissue inflammation. Outside the immune system, mTORC1 controls fibroblast proliferation and chondrocyte survival, with implications for tissue fibrosis and osteoarthritis, respectively. Rapamycin (which primarily inhibits mTORC1), ATP-competitive, dual mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibitors and upstream regulators of the mTOR pathway are being developed to treat autoimmune, hyperproliferative and degenerative diseases. In this regard, mTOR blockade promises to increase life expectancy through treatment and prevention of rheumatic diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.