ArticleFrontiers in neuroanatomy2015
Calretinin as a Marker for Premotor Neurons Involved in Upgaze in Human Brainstem.
Article in Frontiers in neuroanatomy, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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10 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cross-species lesion mapping links a midbrain circuit to vergence dysfunction.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Histochemical Characterization of the Vestibular Y-Group in Monkey.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2021Article
- Macaque monkey trigeminal blink reflex circuits targeting levator palpebrae superioris motoneurons.The Journal of comparative neurology · 2021Article
- Cerebellar projections to the macaque midbrain tegmentum: Possible near response connections.Visual neuroscience · 2021Article
- Superior colliculus projections to target populations in the supraoculomotor area of the macaque monkey.Visual neuroscience · 2021Article
- A Subset of Palisade Endings Only in the Medial and Inferior Rectus Muscle in Monkey Contain Calretinin.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2018Article
- Identification of Functional Cell Groups in the Abducens Nucleus of Monkey and Human by Perineuronal Nets and Choline Acetyltransferase Immunolabeling.Frontiers in neuroanatomy · 2018Article
- Identification of secondary vestibulo-ocular neurons in human based on their histochemical characteristics found in monkey.Journal of neurology · 2017Article
- Oculomotor and Vestibular Findings in Gaucher Disease Type 3 and Their Correlation with Neurological Findings.Frontiers in neurology · 2017Article
- Vestibular function in patients with Niemann-Pick type C disease.Journal of neurology · 2016Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Eye movements are generated by different premotor pathways. Damage to them can cause specific deficits of eye movements, such as saccades. For correlative clinico-anatomical post-mortem studies of cases with eye movement disorders it is essential to identify the functional cell groups of the oculomotor system in the human brain by marker proteins. Based on monkey studies, the premotor neurons of the saccadic system can be identified by the histochemical markers parvalbumin (PAV) and perineuronal nets in humans. These areas involve the interstitial nucleus of Cajal (INC) and the rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fascicle (RIMLF), which both contain premotor neurons for upgaze and downgaze. Recent monkey and human studies revealed a selective excitatory calretinin (CR)-positive input to the motoneurons mediating upgaze, but not to those for downgaze. Three premotor regions were identified as sources of CR input in monkey: y-group, INC and RIMLF. These findings suggest that the expression pattern of parvalbumin and CR may help to identify premotor neurons involved in up- or downgaze. In a post-mortem study of five human cases without neurological diseases we investigated the y-group, INC and RIMLF for the presence of parvalbumin and CR positive neurons including their co-expression. Adjacent thin paraffin sections were stained for the aggrecan (ACAN) component of perineuronal nets, parvalbumin or CR and glutamate decarboxylase. The comparative analysis of scanned thin sections of INC and RIMLF revealed medium-sized parvalbumin positive neurons with and without CR coexpression, which were intermingled. The parvalbumin/CR positive neurons in both nuclei are considered as excitatory premotor upgaze neurons. Accordingly, the parvalbumin-positive neurons lacking CR are considered as premotor downgaze neurons in RIMLF, but may in addition include inhibitory premotor upgaze neurons in the INC as indicated by co-expression of glutamate decarboxylase in a subpopulation. CR-positive neurons ensheathed by perineuronal nets in the human y-group are considered as the homolog premotor neurons described in monkey, projecting to superior rectus (SR) and inferior oblique (IO) motoneurons. In conclusion, combined immunostaining for parvalbumin, perineuronal nets and CR may well be suited for the specific identification and subsequent analysis of premotor upgaze pathways in clinical cases of isolated up- or downgaze deficits.
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