ReviewFrontiers in cellular neuroscience2015
Lasting EEG/MEG Aftereffects of Rhythmic Transcranial Brain Stimulation: Level of Control Over Oscillatory Network Activity.
Review in Frontiers in cellular neuroscience, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 206 citations in OpenAlex.
- Is transcranial alternating current stimulation effective for improving working memory? A three-level meta-analysis.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2025Pooled it
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment in Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis of its efficacy as a function of protocol characteristics and degree of personalization.Journal of neurology · 2022Pooled it
- A new effective treatment for dyslexia based on dorsal visual stream neuromodulation.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2026Trial
- Enhancing cognitive control in amnestic mild cognitive impairment via at-home non-invasive neuromodulation in a randomized trial.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Critical role of rhythms in prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation for depression: A randomized sham-controlled study.Human brain mapping · 2022Trial
- No aftereffects of high current density 10 Hz and 20 Hz tACS on sensorimotor alpha and beta oscillations.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Off-line effects of alpha-frequency transcranial alternating current stimulation on a visuomotor learning task.Brain and behavior · 2020Trial
- Modulating neural oscillations by transcranial static magnetic field stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: A crossover, double-blind, sham-controlled pilot study.The European journal of neuroscience · 2019Trial
- Trial
- The effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at individual alpha peak frequency (iAPF) on motor cortex excitability in young and elderly adults.Experimental brain research · 2018Trial
- Reduced occurrence of alpha waves during resting state predicts high attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder traits in young adults.JCPP advances · 2026Article
- Pulse waveform and current direction alter network-level TMS-induced functional connectivity: Evidence from TMS-EEG.NeuroImage · 2026Article
- Disentangling the functional roles of pre-stimulus oscillations in crossmodal associative memory formation via sensory entrainment.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Effect of transcranial alternating current stimulation (NET Device™) on psychostimulant withdrawal severity and time course: a real-world data analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Article
- Chronotype in alpha-tACS: Preliminary evidence hints at sleep quality modulation of aftereffects in evening types in the morning.Neurobiology of sleep and circadian rhythms · 2025Article
- Beta to low-gamma rhythmic brain stimulation over primary motor cortex and supplementary motor area differentially modulates oscillatory neural drives during gait.Experimental brain research · 2025Article
- Network Desynchronization with Sine Waves: from Synchrony to Asynchrony by Periodic Stimulation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- μ-Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation Induces Phasic Entrainment and Plastic Facilitation of Corticospinal Excitability.The European journal of neuroscience · 2025Article
- What can neurofeedback and transcranial alternating current stimulation reveal about cross-frequency coupling?Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A number of rhythmic protocols have emerged for non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) in humans, including transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), oscillatory transcranial direct current stimulation (otDCS), and repetitive (also called rhythmic) transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). With these techniques, it is possible to match the frequency of the externally applied electromagnetic fields to the intrinsic frequency of oscillatory neural population activity ("frequency-tuning"). Mounting evidence suggests that by this means tACS, otDCS, and rTMS can entrain brain oscillations and promote associated functions in a frequency-specific manner, in particular during (i.e., online to) stimulation. Here, we focus instead on the changes in oscillatory brain activity that persist after the end of stimulation. Understanding such aftereffects in healthy participants is an important step for developing these techniques into potentially useful clinical tools for the treatment of specific patient groups. Reviewing the electrophysiological evidence in healthy participants, we find aftereffects on brain oscillations to be a common outcome following tACS/otDCS and rTMS. However, we did not find a consistent, predictable pattern of aftereffects across studies, which is in contrast to the relative homogeneity of reported online effects. This indicates that aftereffects are partially dissociated from online, frequency-specific (entrainment) effects during tACS/otDCS and rTMS. We outline possible accounts and future directions for a better understanding of the link between online entrainment and offline aftereffects, which will be key for developing more targeted interventions into oscillatory brain activity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.