ReviewDiabetes2016
Attention to Background Strain Is Essential for Metabolic Research: C57BL/6 and the International Knockout Mouse Consortium.
Review in Diabetes, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 147 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
147 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Exploring the potential of computer simulation models in drug testing and biomedical research: a systematic review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Genetic background modulates MafADiabetologia · 2026Article
- A novel behavioral paradigm for odor-induced voluntary urination in mice.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Redox index and capacity analysis (RICA) reveals NAD biology changes in T cell responses in vitro and ex vivo.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Regulated necrosis at the crossroads of liver inflammation and cancer development.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Review
- Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and steatohepatitis-associated hepatocarcinoma preclinical models.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Review
- Article
- Differential peritoneal resident macrophage depletion and omental milky spot disruption after high versus low clodronate-loaded liposome dose treatment.Immunology and cell biology · 2026Article
- Advances and challenges in the mechanistic understanding of beta-cell dysfunction in gestational diabetes mellitus.Journal of animal science · 2026Review
- Article
- Suppression of USP2 in mouse skeletal muscle: a model of oxidative stress in muscle tissue.Experimental animals · 2026Article
- Substrain-Dependent Differences in Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Adult C57BL/6 Mice.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2025Article
- Article
- Nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase deficiency and genetic susceptibility to high glucose-mediated peritoneal injury in mice.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- From Human to Mouse and Back Again: Genetic and Genomic Ta(i)les of Islet Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes.Annual review of genetics · 2025Review
- Multiple low dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes as a model for studying autoimmune diabetes in humans.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Irisin prevents liver injury during exhausting physical activity by suppressing ferroptosis via Nrf2/GPX4 signaling.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Slow-Timescale Regulation of Dopamine Release and Mating Drive Over Days.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Comparative phenotyping of C57BL/6J substrains reveals distinctive patterns of cardiac aging.GeroScience · 2025Article
- Challenges of Studying Amelogenesis in Gene-Targeted Mouse Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
87 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The International Knockout Mouse Consortium (IKMC) introduces its targeted constructs into C57BL/6N embryonic stem cells. However, breeding with a Cre-recombinase and/or Flp-recombinase mouse is required for the generation of a null allele with the IKMC cassette. Many recombinase strains are in the C57BL/6J background, resulting in knockout animals on a mixed strain background. This can lead to variability in metabolic data and the use of improper control groups. While C57BL/6N and C57BL/6J are derived from the same parental C57BL/6 strain, there are key genotypic and phenotypic differences between these substrains. Many researchers may not even be aware of these differences, as the shorthand C57BL/6 is often used to describe both substrains. We found that 58% of articles involving genetically modified mouse models did not completely address background strain. This review will describe these two substrains and highlight the importance of separate consideration in mouse model development. Our aim is to increase awareness of this issue in the diabetes research community and to provide practical strategies to enable researchers to avoid mixed strain animals when using IKMC knockout mice.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.