ReviewAlcohol research : current reviews2015
Alcohol's Effect on Host Defense.
Review in Alcohol research : current reviews, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 240 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
240 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 389 citations in OpenAlex.
- A review of the relationship between dimensions of alcohol consumption and the burden of disease: 2026 update including Mendelian randomisation studies.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Moderate alcohol consumption and clinical outcomes in MASLD: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal cohorts.BMC gastroenterology · 2026Pooled it
- Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and NETosis in alcohol-associated diseases: A systematic review.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2025Pooled it
- WGO Guidance for the Care of Patients With COVID-19 and Liver Disease.Journal of clinical gastroenterology · 2021Guideline
- Acute changes in immune biomarkers under low- and moderate-dose alcohol in light and heavy drinkers: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2025Trial
- Peripheral proinflammatory markers are upregulated in abstinent alcohol-dependent patients but are not affected by cognitive bias modification: Preliminary findings.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2019Trial
- Mediterranean diet and remission in rheumatoid arthritis: findings from the EIRA study.EULAR rheumatology open · 2026Article
- Multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales causing wound infections in Ibadan, Nigeria: Phenotypic resistance and detection ofIJID regions · 2026Article
- Hepatic stellate cells in alcoholic liver cirrhosis: mechanisms of fibrogenesis, plasticity, and fibrosis reversal.Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences · 2026Review
- The Predictive Value of Tenascin-C, Neopterin and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6) in Alcohol Use Disorder Treatment Response.Addiction biology · 2026Observational
- Factors associated with severity inNew microbes and new infections · 2026Article
- Strongyloides stercoralis infection alters liver enzyme levels in alcoholic patientsBiomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud · 2026Article
- Alcohol consumption and cancer progression: Mechanistic insights, immune dysregulation, and public health implications.Translational oncology · 2026Review
- Effects of White Bualuang (Biology · 2026Article
- High-Dose Ethanol-Induced Immunosuppression Modulates Sex-Specific Disease Outcomes in a Murine Model of Multiple Sclerosis.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Alcohol consumption and mortality from four alcohol-related cancers in Australia 1950-2018: a time series analysis.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Beyond healthcare access: social deprivation and COVID-19 outcomes in dialysis patients in the provence-alpes-côte d'Azur region, France.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Prevalence, risk factors, and rifampicin resistance pattern ofParasite epidemiology and control · 2026Article
- Shared signatures of alcohol-associated dysbiosis in humans and non-human primates.Current research in microbial sciences · 2026Article
- Cutaneous Scedosporiosis with Generalized Tinea Corporis in a Patient with Chronic Heavy Alcohol Use: A Case Report.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2026Article
180 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Alcohol affects many organs, including the immune system, with even moderate amounts of alcohol influencing immune responses. Although alcohol can alter the actions of all cell populations involved in the innate and adaptive immune responses, the effect in many cases is a subclinical immunosuppression that becomes clinically relevant only after a secondary insult (e.g., bacterial or viral infection or other tissue damage). Alcohol's specific effects on the innate immune system depend on the pattern of alcohol exposure, with acute alcohol inhibiting and chronic alcohol accelerating inflammatory responses. The proinflammatory effects of chronic alcohol play a major role in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease and pancreatitis, but also affect numerous other organs and tissues. In addition to promoting proinflammatory immune responses, alcohol also impairs anti-inflammatory cytokines. Chronic alcohol exposure also interferes with the normal functioning of all aspects of the adaptive immune response, including both cell-mediated and humoral responses. All of these effects enhance the susceptibility of chronic alcoholics to viral and bacterial infections and to sterile inflammation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
26695755PMC4590613W2375376029What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.