ReviewViruses2015
The Dual Role of Exosomes in Hepatitis A and C Virus Transmission and Viral Immune Activation.
Review in Viruses, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed.
- Engineering exosomes for liver disease: a new insight in regenerative medicine and drug delivery.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2025Review
- A Fraction ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Changes and application prospects of biomolecular materials in small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) after flavivirus infection.European journal of medical research · 2025Review
- A State-of-the-Art Review on the Recent Advances in Exosomes in Oncogenic Virus.Health science reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Exosome-Mediated Antigen Delivery: Unveiling Novel Strategies in Viral Infection Control and Vaccine Design.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Extracellular Vesicles: The Invisible Heroes and Villains of COVID-19 Central Neuropathology.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- HPV-Related Cervical Cancer and Extracellular Vesicles.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Review
- Semen extracellular vesicles mediate vertical transmission of subgroup J avian leukosis virus.Virologica Sinica · 2022Article
- Extracellular vesicles in inflammation: Focus on the microRNA cargo of EVs in modulation of liver diseases.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2022Review
- Functional Analysis and Proteomics Profiling of Extracellular Vesicles From Swine Plasma Infected by African Swine Fever Virus.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Article
- A Comprehensive Insight into the Role of Exosomes in Viral Infection: Dual Faces Bearing Different Functions.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- Emerging role and therapeutic application of exosome in hepatitis virus infection and associated diseases.Journal of gastroenterology · 2021Review
- Review
- Recent Progress on Exosomes in RNA Virus Infection.Viruses · 2021Review
- SARS-CoV-2 Spike Targets USP33-IRF9 AxisFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Semen-Derived Exosomes Mediate Immune Escape and Transmission of Reticuloendotheliosis Virus.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Stem Cell-Derived Exosome as Potential Therapeutics for Microbial Diseases.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Exosomes are small nanovesicles of about 100 nm in diameter that act as intercellular messengers because they can shuttle RNA, proteins and lipids between different cells. Many studies have found that exosomes also play various roles in viral pathogenesis. Hepatitis A virus (HAV; a picornavirus) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV; a flavivirus) two single strand plus-sense RNA viruses, in particular, have been found to use exosomes for viral transmission thus evading antibody-mediated immune responses. Paradoxically, both viral exosomes can also be detected by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) leading to innate immune activation and type I interferon production. This article will review recent findings regarding these two viruses and outline how exosomes are involved in their transmission and immune sensing.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.