ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2015
Effect of Length of Stay on Smoking among Turkish and Eastern European Immigrants in Germany--Interpretation in the Light of the Smoking Epidemic Model and the Acculturation Theory.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Aetiological research on the health of migrants living in Germany: a systematic literature review.BMJ open · 2022Pooled it
- Health Risk Behaviours by Immigrants' Duration of Residence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of public health · 2022Pooled it
- Inequalities in multimorbidity between native-born and immigrant older adults across Europe.European journal of ageing · 2025Article
- Living arrangements and chronic disease accumulation among native-born and immigrant older adults in Europe.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Article
- Healthy immigrants, unhealthy ageing? Analysis of health decline among older migrants and natives across European countries.SSM - population health · 2023Article
- Health of people with selected citizenships: results of the study GEDA Fokus.Journal of health monitoring · 2023Article
- Self-Efficacy Mediates Acculturation and Respite Care Knowledge of Immigrant Caregivers.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Depression in middle and older adulthood: the role of immigration, nutrition, and other determinants of health in the Canadian longitudinal study on aging.BMC psychiatry · 2019Article
- Article
- Perceived discrimination and risk of preterm birth among Turkish immigrant women in Germany.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2019Article
- Acculturation or unequal assimilation? Smoking during pregnancy and duration of residence among migrants in Sweden.SSM - population health · 2019Article
- Migration-related changes in smoking among non-Western immigrants in France.European journal of public health · 2019Article
- The prevalence of substance use among Russian, Somali and Kurdish migrants in Finland: a population-based study.BMC public health · 2018Article
- Smoking among immigrant groups in metropolitan France: prevalence levels, male-to-female ratios and educational gradients.BMC public health · 2018Article
- Social and health epidemiology of immigrants in Germany: past, present and future.Public health reviews · 2016Review
- Aging and health among migrants in a European perspective.Public health reviewsReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWe analyzed changes in smoking by length of stay among immigrants in Germany and related them to the "smoking epidemic" model and the acculturation theory.
methodsWe used data from a longitudinal survey (German Socio-economic Panel). Immigrants were identified by country of birth (Turkey: respondents n = 828, observations n = 3871; Eastern Europe: respondents n = 2009, observations n = 7202; non-immigrants: respondents n = 34,011, observations n = 140,701). Smoking status data was available for nine years between 1998 and 2012. Length of stay (LOS, in years) was used as proxy for acculturation. We calculated smoking prevalences, prevalence ratios and a random intercept multilevel logistic regression model.
resultsWith each year spent in Germany, smoking prevalence increases among Turkish women (OR = 1.14 (95%CI = 1.06-1.21)) and slightly decreases among men. Recently immigrated Turkish women smoke less than non-immigrant women (0-5 years: SPR = 0.25 (95%CI = 0.10-0.57)); prevalences converge with increasing LOS (31+ years: SPR = 1.25 (95%CI = 1.06-1.48)). Among Eastern European immigrants no significant changes were apparent.
conclusionsImmigrants from Turkey "import" their smoking prevalence from a country which is in the earlier stages of the "smoking epidemic". With increasing LOS (thus, advancing acculturation), they "move" to the later stages. Anti-smoking interventions should consider different smoking attitudes in Turkey/Germany and need to discourage women from initiating smoking. Future research should also identify reasons for the possible differences between immigrant groups.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.