ArticleMucosal immunology2016
The reproductive cycle is a pathogenic determinant during gonococcal pelvic inflammatory disease in mice.
Article in Mucosal immunology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Early sex-related transcriptional differences in CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Sex-dependent astrocyte reactivity: Unveiling chronic stress-induced morphological changes across multiple brain regions.Neurobiology of disease · 2024Article
- Th1-polarized MtrE-based gonococcal vaccines display prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy.Emerging microbes & infections · 2023Article
- Cellular and extracellular vaginal changes following murine ovarian removal.Physiological reports · 2023Article
- Regulatory T cell adoptive transfer alters uterine immune populations, increasing a novel MHC-IIFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Paeniclostridium sordellii uterine infection is dependent on the estrous cycle.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- A multi-tissue transcriptomic landscape of female mice in estrus and diestrus provides clues for precision medicine.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Article
- Gonococcal Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: Placing Mechanistic Insights Into the Context of Clinical and Epidemiological Observations.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Review
- Review
- Article
- Intimate Relations: Molecular and Immunologic Interactions BetweenFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Review
- Biological feasibility and importance of a gonorrhea vaccine for global public health.Vaccine · 2019Review
- Article
- Progress Toward a Gonococcal Vaccine: The Way Forward.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Gonococcal Defenses against Antimicrobial Activities of Neutrophils.Trends in microbiology · 2018Review
- The murine vaginal microbiota and its perturbation by the human pathogen group B Streptococcus.BMC microbiology · 2018Article
- Article
- Specific Binding to Differentially Expressed Human Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Related Cell Adhesion Molecules Determines the Outcome of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infections along the Female Reproductive Tract.Infection and immunity · 2018Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Women with asymptomatic Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection are at risk of developing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) if the bacteria ascend from the endocervix into the uterus and oviducts. Factors that affect disease severity, ranging from mild discomfort to severe inflammation, pain, and infertility, remain elusive. Herein we perform direct transcervical inoculation of N. gonorrhoeae into the uterus of mice to establish an infection that leads to PID. Profoundly different disease outcomes were apparent at different stages of the reproductive cycle. Mice that were infected during the diestrus stage of the reproductive cycle displayed extensive gonococcal penetration into the submucosa, severe inflammation, and clinical signs reflecting discomfort. Meanwhile, infection during the intervening estrus stage showed only modest effects. Furthermore, a gonococcal-specific humoral response was only elicited following the penetrative upper genital tract (UGT) infection during diestrus but not estrus. Strikingly, the potential for antibodies to contribute to protection during re-infection also depends upon the reproductive stage, as antigonococcal antibodies within the genital tract were markedly higher when mice were in diestrus. Combined, this work establishes a robust new model reflecting gonococcal PID in humans and reveals how the reproductive cycle determines the pathogenic outcome of gonococcal infections of the UGT.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.