ArticleJournal of materials chemistry. B2015
Biomimetic microbeads containing a chondroitin sulfate/chitosan polyelectrolyte complex for cell-based cartilage therapy.
Article in Journal of materials chemistry. B, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Engineered 3D mesenchymal stem cell aggregates with multifunctional prowess for bone regeneration: Current status and future prospects.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- DNA-based hydrogels for bone regeneration: A promising tool for bone organoids.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Comparison of Three Different Techniques for the Treatment of Cartilage Lesions-Matrix-Induced Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (MACI) Versus Autologous Matrix-Induced Chondrogenesis (AMIC) and Arthroscopic Minced Cartilage-A 2-Year Follow-Up on Patient-Reported Pain and Functional Outcomes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Chitosan-based scaffold augmentation to microfractures: Stable results at mid-term follow-up in patients with patellar cartilage lesions.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2024Article
- New Challenges and Prospective Applications of Three-Dimensional Bioactive Polymeric Hydrogels in Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering: A Narrative Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Injectable Scaffold with Microfracture using the Autologous Matrix-Induced Chondrogenesis (AMIC) Technique: A Prospective Cohort Study.Malaysian orthopaedic journal · 2022Article
- Polyelectrolyte Chondroitin Sulfate Microgels as a Carrier Material for Rosmarinic Acid and Their Antioxidant Ability.Polymers · 2022Article
- Potential and recent advances of microcarriers in repairing cartilage defects.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2021Review
- Microfluidics generation of chitosan microgels containing glycerylphytate crosslinker for in situ human mesenchymal stem cells encapsulation.Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications · 2021Article
- Glycosaminoglycan-Inspired Biomaterials for the Development of Bioactive Hydrogel Networks.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Hydrogel microparticles for biomedical applications.Nature reviews. Materials · 2020Article
- Microgels: Modular, tunable constructs for tissue regeneration.Acta biomaterialia · 2019Review
- Development of Modular, Dual-Perfused Osteochondral Constructs for Cartilage Repair.Tissue engineering. Part C, Methods · 2019Article
- Biofabrication of injectable fibrin microtissues for minimally-invasive therapies: application of surfactants.Biomedical materials (Bristol, England) · 2018Article
- Distributed vasculogenesis from modular agarose-hydroxyapatite-fibrinogen microbeads.Acta biomaterialia · 2017Article
- Vascular Network Formation by Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells in Modular Fibrin Microtissues.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2016Article
- Hydrogel microspheres for osteoarthritis treatment: Fabrication strategies, smart responsiveness, and multimodal therapies.Journal of tissue engineeringReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Articular cartilage has a limited healing capacity that complicates the treatment of joint injuries and osteoarthritis. Newer repair strategies have focused on the use of cells and biomaterials to promote cartilage regeneration. In the present study, we developed and characterized bioinspired materials designed to mimic the composition of the cartilage extracellular matrix. Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and chitosan (CH) were used to form physically cross-linked macromolecular polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) without the use of additional crosslinkers. A single-step water-in-oil emulsification process was used to either directly embed mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in PEC particles created with a various concentrations of CS and CH, or to co-embed MSC with PEC in agarose-based microbeads. Direct embedding of MSC in PEC resulted in high cell viability but irregular and large particles. Co-embedding of PEC particles with MSC in agarose (Ag) resulted in uniform microbeads 80-90 μm in diameter that maintained high cell viability over three weeks in culture. Increased serum content resulted in more uniform PEC distribution within the microbead matrix, and both high and low CS:CH ratios resulted in more homogeneous microbeads than 1:1 formulations. Under chondrogenic conditions, expression of sulfated GAG and collagen type II was increased in 10:1 CS:CH PEC-Ag microbeads compared to pure Ag beads, indicating a chondrogenic influence of the PEC component. Such PEC-Ag microbeads may have utility in the directed differentiation and delivery of progenitor cell populations for cartilage repair.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.