ArticleBiology of sex differences2015
Examination of sex and minocycline treatment on acute morphine-induced analgesia and inflammatory gene expression along the pain pathway in Sprague-Dawley rats.
Article in Biology of sex differences, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- The actions of morphine on microglia and the underlying effects on associated adverse effects.Psychopharmacology · 2026Review
- The role of gonadal hormones in regulating opioid antinociception.Annals of medicine · 2024Review
- Microglia in morphine tolerance: cellular and molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Macrophages and microglia in inflammation and neuroinflammation underlying different pain states.Medical review (2021) · 2023Article
- Sex differences in morphine sensitivity are associated with differential glial expression in the brainstem of rats with neuropathic pain.Journal of neuroscience research · 2022Article
- Morphine and Fentanyl Repeated Administration Induces Different Levels of NLRP3-Dependent Pyroptosis in the Dorsal Raphe Nucleus of Male Rats via Cell-Specific Activation of TLR4 and Opioid Receptors.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2022Article
- Sex-dependent impact of microbiota status on cerebral μ-opioid receptor density in fischer rats.The European journal of neuroscience · 2022Review
- Review
- Periaqueductal gray/dorsal raphe dopamine neurons contribute to sex differences in pain-related behaviors.Neuron · 2021Article
- Sex- and Gender-Based Pharmacological Response to Drugs.Pharmacological reviews · 2021Article
- Neuroimmune Mechanisms as Novel Treatment Targets for Substance Use Disorders and Associated Comorbidities.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Review
- Qualitative sex differences in pain processing: emerging evidence of a biased literature.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2020Review
- Minocycline alters behavior, microglia and the gut microbiome in a trait-anxiety-dependent manner.Translational psychiatry · 2019Article
- Sexual Dimorphism of Pain Control: Analgesic Effects of Pioglitazone and Azithromycin in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury.Journal of neurotrauma · 2019Article
- Article
- Neuronal and glial factors contributing to sex differences in opioid modulation of pain.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2019Review
- Impact of sex on pain and opioid analgesia: a review.Current opinion in behavioral sciences · 2018Article
- Microglial dopamine receptor elimination defines sex-specific nucleus accumbens development and social behavior in adolescent rats.Nature communications · 2018Article
- Sex differences in primary muscle afferent sensitization following ischemia and reperfusion injury.Biology of sex differences · 2018Article
- Peripheral Mechanisms of Ischemic Myalgia.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn addition to its classical effects on opioid receptors, morphine can activate glia and stimulate the production of pro-inflammatory immune molecules which in turn counteract the analgesic properties of morphine. We hypothesized that decreased morphine analgesia in females may be the result of exaggerated microglial activation in brain regions critical for analgesia.
methodsMale and female rats were treated with morphine and/or minocycline and morphine analgesia was examined using the hot plate. We also examined the expression of microglial and astrocyte markers in the pain pathway.
resultsMales treated with minocycline, a microglial inhibitor, exhibited a significant increase in acute morphine analgesia as previously shown; however, morphine analgesia was not affected by minocycline pretreatment in female rats. Minocycline decreased the expression of glial activation markers in the male spinal cord and periaqueductal gray as expected; however, these same molecules were upregulated in the female.
conclusionsThese data describe a significant difference between males and females in the behavioral effects following co-administration of morphine and minocycline.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.