ArticleMalaria journal2015
Upstream AUGs and upstream ORFs can regulate the downstream ORF in Plasmodium falciparum.
Article in Malaria journal, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Deciphering Transcription inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Functional characterization of 5' UTR cis-acting sequence elements that modulate translational efficiency in Plasmodium falciparum and humans.Malaria journal · 2022Article
- The role of upstream open reading frames in translation regulation in the apicomplexan parasitesParasitology · 2021Review
- Article
- Expert curation of the human and mouse olfactory receptor gene repertoires identifies conserved coding regions split across two exons.BMC genomics · 2020Article
- Regulation of PfEMP1-VAR2CSA translation by a Plasmodium translation-enhancing factor.Nature microbiology · 2017Article
- Frequent GU wobble pairings reduce translation efficiency in Plasmodium falciparum.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Translational regulation in blood stages of the malaria parasite Plasmodium spp.: systems-wide studies pave the way.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. RNA · 2016Review
- Recent advances in malaria genomics and epigenomics.Genome medicine · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundUpstream open reading frames (uORFs) and upstream AUGs (uAUGs) can regulate the translation of downstream ORFs. The AT rich genome of Plasmodium falciparum, due to the higher AT content of start and stop codons, has the potential to give rise to a large number of uORFs and uAUGs that may affect expression of their flanking ORFs.
methodsA bioinformatics approach was used to detect uATGs associated with different genes in the parasite. To study the effect of some of these uAUGs on the expression of the downstream ORF, promoters and 5' leaders containing uAUGs and uORFs were cloned upstream of a luciferase reporter gene. Luciferase assays were carried out in transient transfection experiments to assess the effects of uAUGs and mutations on reporter expression.
resultsThe average number of uATGs and uORFs seen in P. falciparum coding sequences (CDS) is expectedly high compared to other less biased genomes. Certain genes, including the var gene family contain the maximum number of uATGs and uORFs in the parasite. They possess ~5 times more uORFs and ~4.5 times more uAUGs within 100 bases upstream of the start codons than other CDS of the parasite. A 60 bp upstream region containing three ORFs and five ATGs from var gene PF3D7_0400100 and a gene of unknown function (PF3D7_0517100) when cloned upstream of the luciferase start codon, driven by the hsp86 promoter, resulted in loss of luciferase activity. This was restored when all the ATGs present in the -60 bp were mutated to TTGs. Point mutations in the ATGs showed that even one AUG was sufficient to repress the luciferase gene.
conclusionsOverall, this work indicates that the P. falciparum genome has a large number of uATGs and uORFs that can repress the expression of flanking ORFs. The role of AUGs in translation initiation suggests that this repression is mediated by preventing the translation initiation complex from reaching the main AUG of the downstream ORF. How the P. falciparum ribosome is able to bypass these uAUGs and uORFs for highly expressed genes remains a question for future research.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.