ArticleNature genetics2016
Regulatory mutations in TBX3 disrupt asymmetric hair pigmentation that underlies Dun camouflage color in horses.
Article in Nature genetics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances in Equine Genomics: Decoding the Genetic Architecture of Morphology, Performance, Behavior, and Adaptation.Molecular biotechnology · 2026Review
- Integrative Advances in Equine Genomics From Reference Assemblies to Evolutionary History and Key Traits.Evolutionary applications · 2026Review
- Unraveling the Molecular Mechanism of Bider Marking Formation in Dun Mongolian Horses Through Transcriptome Sequencing.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Differential Expression ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Genetic background and phenotypic features of the endangered Miyako horse.Journal of equine science · 2026Article
- Differential Expression and Analysis ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Late Iron Age and Roman equine breeding north of the Alps: Genetic insights and cultural implications.iScience · 2025Article
- Organizational principles of integumentary organs: Maximizing variations for effective adaptation.Developmental biology · 2025Review
- Unraveling the genetic and physiological potential of donkeys: insights from genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics approaches.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2025Review
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- Ancient developmental genes underlie evolutionary novelties in walking fish.Current biology : CB · 2024Article
- Genetic diversity and signatures of selection in Icelandic horses and Exmoor ponies.BMC genomics · 2024Article
- Coloration in Equine: Overview of Candidate Genes Associated with Coat Color Phenotypes.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
- The genetic basis of novel trait gain in walking fish.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Neural crest cells as a source of microevolutionary variation.Seminars in cell & developmental biology · 2023Review
- Characteristic of Przewalski horses population from Askania-Nova reserve based on genetic markers.Molecular biology reports · 2023Article
- The genetic basis and potential molecular mechanism of yellow-albino northern snakehead (Open biology · 2023Article
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- The evolutionary history and mechanistic basis of female ornamentation in a tropical songbird.Evolution; international journal of organic evolution · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Dun is a wild-type coat color in horses characterized by pigment dilution with a striking pattern of dark areas termed primitive markings. Here we show that pigment dilution in Dun horses is due to radially asymmetric deposition of pigment in the growing hair caused by localized expression of the T-box 3 (TBX3) transcription factor in hair follicles, which in turn determines the distribution of hair follicle melanocytes. Most domestic horses are non-dun, a more intensely pigmented phenotype caused by regulatory mutations impairing TBX3 expression in the hair follicle, resulting in a more circumferential distribution of melanocytes and pigment granules in individual hairs. We identified two different alleles (non-dun1 and non-dun2) causing non-dun color. non-dun2 is a recently derived allele, whereas the Dun and non-dun1 alleles are found in ancient horse DNA, demonstrating that this polymorphism predates horse domestication. These findings uncover a new developmental role for T-box genes and new aspects of hair follicle biology and pigmentation.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.