Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26688007›Full record

SynthesisPsychological medicine2016

The association between childhood maltreatment, psychopathology, and adult sexual victimization in men and women: results from three independent samples.

K B Werner, V V McCutcheon, M Challa, A Agrawal, M T Lynskey, E Conroy, D J Statham, P A F Madden, A K Henders, A A Todorov and 5 more

Open access · greenAbstract readMeta-AnalysisTwin Study
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Psychological medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
4.2field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Excess costs of post-traumatic stress disorder related to child maltreatment in Germany.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025
    Trial
  4. Article
  5. Predictors of Revictimization in Online Dating.Journal of interpersonal violence · 2022
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. IL-6 and hsCRP in Somatic Symptom Disorders and related disorders.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2020
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Is the Risk for Sexual Revictimization Cumulative? A Prospective Examination.Women's health issues : official publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.

K B WernerGeorge Warren Brown School of Social Work,Washington University,St Louis,MO,USA.
V V McCutcheonAlcoholism Research Center,Washington University School of Medicine,St Louis,MO,USA.
M ChallaUniversity of Illinois-Chicago School of Medicine,Chicago,IL,USA.
A AgrawalAlcoholism Research Center,Washington University School of Medicine,St Louis,MO,USA.
M T LynskeyInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College,London,UK.
E ConroyCentre for Health Research,University of Western Sydney,Sydney,Australia.
D J StathamQIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute,Brisbane,Australia.
P A F MaddenAlcoholism Research Center,Washington University School of Medicine,St Louis,MO,USA.
A K HendersNational Drug and Alcohol Research Center,University of New South Wales,Sydney,Australia.
A A TodorovAlcoholism Research Center,Washington University School of Medicine,St Louis,MO,USA.
A C HeathAlcoholism Research Center,Washington University School of Medicine,St Louis,MO,USA.
L DegenhardtNational Drug and Alcohol Research Center,University of New South Wales,Sydney,Australia.
N G MartinQIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute,Brisbane,Australia.
K K BucholzAlcoholism Research Center,Washington University School of Medicine,St Louis,MO,USA.
E C NelsonAlcoholism Research Center,Washington University School of Medicine,St Louis,MO,USA.
Washington University in St. Louis · USQIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute · AUUNSW Sydney · AUKing's College London · GBUniversity of Illinois Chicago · USWestern Sydney University · AU

Funding

PILOT--GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO CONSUMPTION IN CHINESE SAMPLEP50AA011998 · NIAAA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI HEATH, ANDREW C. · 1999 to 2008
$12.6M
THE GENETICS OF VULNERABILITY TO NICOTINE ADDICTIONSR01DA012854 · NIDA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI MADDEN, PAMELA ANN · 2000 to 2013
$10.4M
Resource CoreP60AA011998 · NIAAA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI HEATH, ANDREW C. · 2009 to 2013
$8.8M
Transdisciplinary Training in Addictions ResearchT32DA015035 · NIDA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Patricia A Cavazos-Rehg, Jordan P Davis · 2002 to 2026
$5.3M
Molecular Epidemiology of Alcoholism 3 - EDAC FamiliesR01AA013321 · NIAAA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI HEATH, ANDREW C. · 2001 to 2005
$4.3M
RESEARCH EDUCATION PROGRAM ON COMPUTATIONAL AND STATISTICAL TOOL DEVELOPMENT FOR ADDICTION GENETICSR25DA027995 · NIDA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI MADDEN, PAMELA ANN, RICE, JOHN P. · 2009 to 2019
$4.3M
CANNABIS AND TOBACCO INVOLVEMENT: A TWIN STUDYR01DA023668 · NIDA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI AGRAWAL, ARPANA · 2007 to 2016
$2.5M
Opioid Dependence: Candidate Genes and G x E EffectsR01DA017305 · NIDA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI NELSON, ELLIOT C · 2003 to 2007
$2.5M
Genetic Epideniologic Models of Alcohol AbuseR37AA007728 · NIAAA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI HEATH, ANDREW C. · 1998 to 2007
$2.2M
Childhood Trauma, Parental Alcoholism,and ComorbidityR01AA013446 · NIAAA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI NELSON, ELLIOT C · 2002 to 2006
$2.2M
Molecular Epidemiology of Alcoholism 1: Candidate GeneR01AA013326 · NIAAA · QUEENSLAND INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL RESEARCH · PI MARTIN, NICHOLAS G · 2001 to 2005
$2.1M
GENE-ENVIRONMENT INTERPLAY IN ALCOHOLISMK05AA017688 · NIAAA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI HEATH, ANDREW C. · 2008 to 2017
$1.9M
NIAAA NIH HHS AA011998-5978NIAAA NIH HHS AA018146NIAAA NIH HHS AA07728NIAAA NIH HHS AA11998NIAAA NIH HHS AA13321NIAAA NIH HHS AA13326NIAAA NIH HHS AA13446NIAAA NIH HHS AA17688NIAAA NIH HHS K01 AA018146NIAAA NIH HHS K05 AA017688NIAAA NIH HHS P50 AA011998NIAAA NIH HHS P60 AA011998NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA007728NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA010249NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA013321NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA013326NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA013446NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA021492NIAAA NIH HHS R37 AA007728NIDA NIH HHS DA017305NIDA NIH HHS DA027995NIDA NIH HHS DA12854NIDA NIH HHS DA23668NIDA NIH HHS DA32573NIDA NIH HHS K02 DA032573NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA012854NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA017305NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA023668NIDA NIH HHS R25 DA027995NIDA NIH HHS R56 DA012854NIDA NIH HHS T32 DA015035NIDA NIH HHS T32 DA15035
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundChildhood maltreatment (CM) has consistently been linked with adverse outcomes including substance use disorders and adult sexual revictimization. Adult sexual victimization itself has been linked with psychopathology but has predominately been studied in women. The current investigation examines the impact of CM and co-occurring psychopathology on adult sexual victimization in men and women, replicating findings in three distinct samples.

methodWe investigated the association between continuous CM factor scores and adult sexual victimization in the Childhood Trauma Study (CTS) sample (N = 2564). We also examined the unique relationship between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and adult sexual victimization while adjusting for co-occurring substance dependence and psychopathology. We replicated these analyses in two additional samples: the Comorbidity and Trauma Study (CATS; N = 1981) and the Australian Twin-Family Study of Alcohol Use Disorders (OZ-ALC; N = 1537).

resultsAnalyses revealed a significant association with CM factor scores and adult sexual victimization for both men and women across all three samples. The CSA factor score was strongly associated with adult sexual victimization after adjusting for substance dependence and psychopathology; higher odds ratios were observed in men (than women) consistently across the three samples.

conclusionsA continuous measure of CSA is independently associated with adult sexual trauma risk across samples in models that included commonly associated substance dependence and psychopathology as covariates. The strength of the association between this CSA measure and adult sexual victimization is higher in magnitude for men than women, pointing to the need for further investigation of sexual victimization in male community samples.

Indexed as

AdultAdult Survivors of Child AbuseAustraliaChildChild Abuse, SexualComorbidityFemaleHumansLogistic ModelsMaleMiddle AgedMultivariate AnalysisSex FactorsSex OffensesSocioeconomic FactorsSubstance-Related DisordersAdult sexual revictimizationchildhood sexual abusechildhood traumapsychopathologysex disparities

Identifiers

PMID26688007
PMCPMC4804459
OpenAlexW2272738691

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.