ArticleNature communications2015
RSV-specific airway resident memory CD8+ T cells and differential disease severity after experimental human infection.
Article in Nature communications, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT02755948 (Cell Mediated Immunity Against RSV and Influenza in a Human Experimental Challenge), which is not on this map. Cited by 212 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Cell Mediated Immunity Against RSV and Influenza in a Human Experimental Challenge
Who cites it
212 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Human Immune Response to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Immune persistence and safety of the AS01Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Trial
- Adenovectored RSV prefusion glycoprotein + soluble glycoprotein combination immunization establishes persistent opsonophagocytic antibody response through IgG3.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- Safety, Immunogenicity, and Regimen Selection of Ad26.RSV.preF-Based Vaccine Combinations: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 1/2a Study.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Trial
- Vaccine-induced antibody Fc-effector functions in humans immunized with a combination Ad26.RSV.preF/RSV preF protein vaccine.Journal of virology · 2023Trial
- Innate-like Gene Expression of Lung-Resident Memory CD8American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2021Trial
- Epitope-specific airway-resident CD4+ T cell dynamics during experimental human RSV infection.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020Trial
- A Confirmatory, Dual Center Nonhuman Primate Study on the Efficacy of Novel Oropharyngeal Spray Immunization With an Adenoviral Vector Vaccine Against RSV-Important Lessons Learned.Journal of medical primatology · 2026Article
- Differential requirements for cytokine signaling and local antigen in upper versus lower respiratory tract CD8+ TRM development.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Acute viral respiratory infections are not associated with an increased IMMune Age indeX (IMMAX) four weeks after infection: a prospective observational cohort study.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2026Article
- Exploring pathogenetic mechanisms in subglottic stenosis: A narrative review toward an integrated molecular classification.Multidisciplinary respiratory medicine · 2026Article
- Live-attenuated vaccines of human respiratory syncytial virus for infants and young children: Progress and prospects of an old yet promising platform.Biosafety and health · 2026Review
- Human lungs maintain tissue-resident memory T cells against a broad spectrum of pathogens.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- The ageing immune system and its battle with viruses.The Journal of general virology · 2026Review
- Review
- RelA Signaling inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Dengue infection elicits skin tissue-resident and circulating CD8Science advances · 2026Article
- Factors Influencing the Course of Hospitalization in Children with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection: A Retrospective Single-Center Study at the Department of Pediatrics, Wadowice Hospital, Poland.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Observational
- Next-generation single-cycle respiratory syncytial virus vaccines with increased type I interferon induction yield robust systemic and mucosal responses in mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- When defense backfires: inflammatory determinants of RSV-induced disease severity.Future virology · 2026Article
152 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In animal models, resident memory CD8+ T (Trm) cells assist in respiratory virus elimination but their importance in man has not been determined. Here, using experimental human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, we investigate systemic and local virus-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in adult volunteers. Having defined the immunodominance hierarchy, we analyse phenotype and function longitudinally in blood and by serial bronchoscopy. Despite rapid clinical recovery, we note surprisingly extensive lower airway inflammation with persistent viral antigen and cellular infiltrates. Pulmonary virus-specific CD8+ T cells display a CD69+CD103+ Trm phenotype and accumulate to strikingly high frequencies into convalescence without continued proliferation. While these have a more highly differentiated phenotype, they express fewer cytotoxicity markers than in blood. Nevertheless, their abundance before infection correlates with reduced symptoms and viral load, implying that CD8+ Trm cells in the human lung can confer protection against severe respiratory viral disease when humoral immunity is overcome.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.