ArticleScientific reports2015
The molecular mechanism of photochemical internalization of cell penetrating peptide-cargo-photosensitizer conjugates.
Article in Scientific reports, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Photo-induced proton release of spiropyran-derived nanomaterials for mRNA delivery in hard-to-transfect cells.Smart molecules : open access · 2026Article
- The Nanoparticle Delivery Gap in Immune Cell Engineering: From Uptake to Endosomal Escape.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Endosomal Escape and Nuclear Localization: Critical Barriers for Therapeutic Nucleic Acids.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Photo-dependent cytosolic delivery of shRNA into a single blastomere in a mouse embryo.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Review
- Surface modification of gold nanoparticles with 6-mercapto-1-hexanol to facilitate dual conjugation of protoporphyrin IX and folic acid for improving the targeted photochemical internalization.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2022Article
- Review
- Genetic and Covalent Protein Modification Strategies to Facilitate Intracellular Delivery.Biomacromolecules · 2021Review
- Photocontrolled apoptosis induction using precursor miR-664a and an RNA carrier-conjugated with photosensitizer.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells Engineered by Nonviral Vectors: A Powerful Tool in Cancer Gene Therapy.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- A NovelLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Nanoscopy for endosomal escape quantification.Nanoscale advances · 2021Review
- Photoinduced Endosomal Escape Mechanism: A View from Photochemical Internalization Mediated by CPP-Photosensitizer Conjugates.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Cell cycle dependence of apoptosis photo-triggered using peptide-photosensitizer conjugate.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Photochemical Internalization for Intracellular Drug Delivery. From Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Research.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Review
- Photochemically-Induced Release of Lysosomal Sequestered Sunitinib: Obstacles for Therapeutic Efficacy.Cancers · 2020Article
- Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy.Beilstein journal of nanotechnology · 2020Review
- Overcoming Endosomal Entrapment in Drug Delivery.Bioconjugate chemistry · 2019Review
- Membrane reorganization after photochemical internalization to release transferrin-biofunctionalized polystyrene microparticles.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Codelivery of a cytotoxin and photosensitiser via a liposomal nanocarrier: a novel strategy for light-triggered cytosolic release.Nanoscale · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In many drug delivery strategies, an inefficient transfer of macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids to the cytosol often occurs because of their endosomal entrapment. One of the methods to overcome this problem is photochemical internalization, which is achieved using a photosensitizer and light to facilitate the endosomal escape of the macromolecule. In this study, we examined the molecular mechanism of photochemical internalization of cell penetrating peptide-cargo (macromolecule)-photosensitizer conjugates. We measured the photophysical properties of eight dyes (photosensitizer candidates) and determined the respective endosomal escape efficiencies using these dyes. Correlation plots between these factors indicated that the photogenerated (1)O2 molecules from photosensitizers were highly related to the endosomal escape efficiencies. The contribution of (1)O2 was confirmed using (1)O2 quenchers. In addition, time-lapse fluorescence imaging showed that the photoinduced endosomal escape occurred at a few seconds to a few minutes after irradiation (much longer than (1)O2 lifetime), and that the pH increased in the endosome prior to the endosomal escape of the macromolecule.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.