ArticleLymphatic research and biology2015
Modeling Lymph Flow and Fluid Exchange with Blood Vessels in Lymph Nodes.
Article in Lymphatic research and biology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers.
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Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- A Review on Lymphatic Uptake of Large Therapeutic Proteins after Subcutaneous Injection.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Review
- Inflammatory Signal Persistence in Pain: Lymphatic Regulation and Neuroimmune Integration.Biology · 2026Review
- Towards a Deeper Understanding of Cerebrospinal Fluid Transport in the Optic Nerve Subarachnoid Space: A Computational Approach.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Transcriptomics- and 3D imaging-based characterization of the lymphatic vasculature in human skin.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- B cell mechanobiology in health and disease: emerging techniques and insights into therapeutic responses.FEBS letters · 2025Review
- Interstitial fluid flow in an engineered human lymph node stroma model modulates T cell egress and stromal change.APL bioengineering · 2025Article
- Mechanical feedback mechanisms in a multiscale sliding filament model of lymphatic muscle pumping.Applications in engineering science · 2025Article
- Viral Infection and Dissemination Through the Lymphatic System.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Lymphatic vessel network injury reduces local tumor control despite preservation of the tumor-draining lymph node.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A 3D-printed multi-compartment organ-on-chip platform with a tubing-free pump models communication with the lymph node.Lab on a chip · 2025Article
- Nerves, nodes, and neoplasia.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Multiscale computational analysis of the steady fluid flow through a lymph node.Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology · 2024Article
- A Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model Relates the Subcutaneous Bioavailability of Monoclonal Antibodies to the Saturation of FcRn-Mediated Recycling in Injection-Site-Draining Lymph Nodes.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Multiscale homogenization for dual porosity time-dependent Darcy-Brinkman/Darcy coupling and its application to the lymph node.Royal Society open science · 2024Article
- Spatially resolved quantification of oxygen consumption rate inThe Analyst · 2024Article
- Computational fluid dynamic modeling of the lymphatic system: a review of existing models and future directions.Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology · 2024Review
- The cervical lymph node contributes to peripheral inflammation related to Parkinson's disease.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- Biodistribution of therapeutic extracellular vesicles.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2023Review
- New tools for immunologists: models of lymph node function from cells to tissues.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLymph nodes (LNs) are positioned strategically throughout the body as critical mediators of lymph filtration and immune response. Lymph carries cytokines, antigens, and cells to the downstream LNs, and their effective delivery to the correct location within the LN directly impacts the quality and quantity of immune response. Despite the importance of this system, the flow patterns in LN have never been quantified, in part because experimental characterization is so difficult. METHODS AND
resultsTo achieve a more quantitative knowledge of LN flow, a computational flow model has been developed based on the mouse popliteal LN, allowing for a parameter sensitivity analysis to identify the important system characteristics. This model suggests that about 90% of the lymph takes a peripheral path via the subcapsular and medullary sinuses, while fluid perfusing deeper into the paracortex is sequestered by parenchymal blood vessels. Fluid absorption by these blood vessels under baseline conditions was driven mainly by oncotic pressure differences between lymph and blood, although the magnitude of fluid transfer is highly dependent on blood vessel surface area. We also predict that the hydraulic conductivity of the medulla, a parameter that has never been experimentally measured, should be at least three orders of magnitude larger than that of the paracortex to ensure physiologic pressures across the node.
conclusionsThese results suggest that structural changes in the LN microenvironment, as well as changes in inflow/outflow conditions, dramatically alter the distribution of lymph, cytokines, antigens, and cells within the LN, with great potential for modulating immune response.
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