ArticleInfection2016
Herpes simplex and varicella zoster CNS infections: clinical presentations, treatments and outcomes.
Article in Infection, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unveiling the clinical spectrum of herpes simplex virus CNS infections in adults: a systematic review.Systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Suspected encephalitis in adults.Practical neurology · 2026Review
- Epidemiology of Herpes Simplex and Varicella Zoster Virus-Associated Central Nervous System Infections in Western Greece: A Five-Year Retrospective Analysis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Clinical features of varicella-zoster virus meningitis diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction without abnormal routine cerebrospinal fluid analysis.Journal of neurovirology · 2025Article
- Low Sensitivity of Jolt Accentuation of Headache in Screening for Herpes Zoster-Associated Meningitis: A Retrospective Study of 70 Cases From a Single Institute.Journal of general and family medicine · 2025Article
- Encephalitis: Predictive Role of Clinical and Diagnostic Data on Outcome-A Monocentric Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Varicella-Zoster Virus Meningitis With Hypoglycorrhachia Mimicking Tuberculous Meningitis: A Case Report.Cureus · 2025Article
- Bid Protein: A Participant in the Apoptotic Network with Roles in Viral Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Herpes zoster central nervous system complication: An increasing trend of acute limbic encephalitis.Intractable & rare diseases research · 2025Article
- Late-Onset HSV-2 Encephalitis in a Kidney Transplant Recipient: A Rare Case Report.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Bibliometric and Visual Analysis of Alzheimer's Disease and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection Between 1990 and 2024.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2025Article
- An Atypical Case of Herpes Simplex 1 Meningitis.Journal of community hospital internal medicine perspectives · 2024Article
- Long-term sequelae after viral meningitis and meningoencephalitis are frequent, even in mildly affected patients, a prospective observational study.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- The Role of Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) in Central Nervous System Infectious Syndromes.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2024Article
- ER stress induces caspase-2-tBID-GSDME-dependent cell death in neurons lytically infected with herpes simplex virus type 2.The EMBO journal · 2023Article
- Valacyclovir-associated acute kidney injury and encephalopathy in an elderly woman with normal kidney function: a case report.CEN case reports · 2023Article
- Can we forecast poor outcome in herpes simplex and varicella zoster encephalitis? A narrative review.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
- Pharmacological Potential of Flavonoids against Neurotropic Viruses.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- A Possible Case of Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) Meningoencephalitis in an Immunocompetent Host.Cureus · 2022Article
- Neurological complications of varicella zoster virus reactivation: Prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of 72 patients with positive PCR in the cerebrospinal fluid.Brain and behavior · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo describe the clinical manifestations, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) characteristics, imaging studies and prognostic factors of adverse clinical outcomes (ACO) among adults with herpes simplex virus (HSV) or varicella zoster virus (VZV) CNS infections.
methodsRetrospective review of adult patients with positive HSV or VZV polymerase chain reaction on CSF from an observational study of meningitis or encephalitis in Houston, TX (2004-2014), and New Orleans, LA (1999-2008).
resultsNinety-eight adults patients were identified; 25 had encephalitis [20 (20.4 %) HSV, 5 (5.1 %) VZV], and 73 had meningitis [60 (61.1 %) HSV and 13 (13.3 %) VZV]. HSV and VZV had similar presentations except for nausea (P < 0.01) and rash (P < 0.001). The CSF profile did not differ between HSV and VZV infection. Abnormal neuroimaging findings were found in 11.6 % (10/86) brain CTs and 21.3 % (16/75) brain MRIs. The EEG was abnormal in 57.9 % (11/19). Sixteen patients (16.3 %) had an ACO (10 HSV encephalitis, 3 VZV encephalitis and 3 VZV meningitis). Intravenous acyclovir administered within 48 h was protective against an ACO [OR 0.19 (0.04-0.80), P = 0.02). However, on logistic regression only Charlson comorbidity score >1 and an encephalitis presentation were independently associated with an ACO. The treatment for HSV meningitis was variable, and all patients had a good clinical outcome.
conclusionAlpha herpes CNS infections due to HSV and VZV infections have similar clinical and laboratory manifestations. ACO was observed more frequently in those patients with comorbidities and an encephalitis presentation.
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Registered trials
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