ArticleBMC microbiology2015
Time-resolved amino acid uptake of Clostridium difficile 630Δerm and concomitant fermentation product and toxin formation.
Article in BMC microbiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers.
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Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 113 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Disulphide bond-forming enzymes in clostridial species.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2025Article
- Discovery of a Widespread Polyamine-Low-Molecular-Weight Thiol Hybrid Pathway inACS infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Proline Stickland fermentation supportsApplied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- tRNA hydroxylation is an epitranscriptomic modulator of metabolic states affecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenicity.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Description ofInternational journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology · 2025Article
- Expanding the cultivable human archaeome:International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology · 2025Article
- Phocaeicola vulgatus shapes the long-term growth dynamics and evolutionary adaptations of Clostridioides difficile.Cell host & microbe · 2025Article
- A comparativeFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Unraveling Cecal Alterations inJournal of proteome research · 2024Article
- Iron-sulfur cluster-dependent enzymes and molybdenum-dependent reductases in the anaerobic metabolism of human gut microbes.Metallomics : integrated biometal science · 2024Review
- Development of a defined medium for the heterotrophic cultivation of Metallosphaera sedula.Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions · 2024Article
- Human gut microbiota interactions shape the long-term growth dynamics and evolutionary adaptations ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundClostridium difficile is one of the major nosocomial threats causing severe gastrointestinal infections. Compared to the well documented clinical symptoms, little is known about the processes in the bacterial cell like the regulation and activity of metabolic pathways. In this study, we present time-resolved and global data of extracellular substrates and products. In a second part, we focus on the correlation of fermentation products and substrate uptake with toxin production.
resultsFormation of different fermentation products during growth in a comparison between the two different media in a global approach was studied using non-targeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) based analysis. During cultivation in a casamino acids medium and minimal medium, the clinical isolate C. difficile 630Δerm showed major differences in amino acid utilization: In casamino acids medium, C. difficile preferred proline, leucine and cysteine as carbon and energy sources while glutamate and lysine were not or hardly used. In contrast, proline and leucine were consumed at a significantly later stage in minimal medium. Due to the more complex substrate mixture more fermentation products were detectable in the casamino acids medium, accompanied by major changes in the ratios between oxidative and reductive Stickland products. Different glucose consumption dynamics were observed in presence of either casamino acids or the minimal set of amino acids, accompanied by major changes in butanoate formation. This was associated with a variation in both the toxin yield and a change in the ratio of toxin A to toxin B.
conclusionsSince in all media compositions, more than one substrate was available as a suitable carbon source, availability of different carbon sources and their metabolic fate appears to be the key factor for toxin formation.
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