ArticleNeoplasia (New York, N.Y.)2015
Epigenetic Regulation of GDF2 Suppresses Anoikis in Ovarian and Breast Epithelia.
Article in Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Anoikis resistance and metastasis of ovarian cancer can be overcome by CDK8/19 mediator kinase inhibition.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-9, a systemic homeostasis factor with diverse functions in the liver and beyond.Bioscience reports · 2025Review
- Anoikis resistance in Cancer: Mechanisms, therapeutic strategies, potential targets, and models for enhanced understanding.Cancer letters · 2025Review
- Transcriptomic Profiling Reveals Potential Genes Involved in the Immune Landscape of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: An Exploratory Study.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2025Article
- Curcumin-Induced Molecular Mechanisms in U-87 MG Glioblastoma Cells: Insights from Global Gene Expression Profiling.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Beyond Death: Unmasking the Intricacies of Apoptosis Escape.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2024Review
- Anoikis-related gene signatures predict prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients and reveal immune infiltration.Translational cancer research · 2024Article
- Characterizing intergenic transcription at RNA polymerase II binding sites in normal and cancer tissues.Cell genomics · 2023Article
- Sperm DNA methylome abnormalities occur both pre- and post-treatment in men with Hodgkin disease and testicular cancer.Clinical epigenetics · 2023Article
- PVT1 is a stress-responsive lncRNA that drives ovarian cancer metastasis and chemoresistance.Life science alliance · 2022Article
- Reciprocal SOX2 regulation by SMAD1-SMAD3 is critical for anoikis resistance and metastasis in cancer.Cell reports · 2022Article
- Effects of bone morphogenetic proteins on epithelial repair.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2021Review
- New insights into BMP9 signaling in liver diseases.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2021Review
- TGFβ signaling networks in ovarian cancer progression and plasticity.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2021Review
- Genetic syndromes with vascular malformations - update on molecular background and diagnostics.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2021Article
- Article
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein 9 Regulates Early Lymphatic-Specified Endothelial Cell Expansion during Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation.Stem cell reports · 2019Article
- Growth and differentiation factor 15 regulates PD-L1 expression in glioblastoma.Cancer management and research · 2019Article
- BMP9, but not BMP10, acts as a quiescence factor on tumor growth, vessel normalization and metastasis in a mouse model of breast cancer.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Anoikis, a cell death mechanism triggered upon cell-matrix detachment, is regarded as a physiological suppressor of metastasis that can be regulated by a diverse array of signals. The protein encoded by GDF2 is BMP9 and is a member of the bone morphogenetic protein family and the transforming growth factor (TGF) β superfamily with emerging yet controversial roles in carcinogenesis. In an attempt to identify the function of growth and differentiation factor 2 (GDF2) in epithelial systems, we examined the signaling machinery that is involved and cell fate decisions in response to GDF2 in ovarian and breast epithelia. We find that GDF2 can robustly activate the SMAD1/5 signaling axis by increasing complex formation between the type I receptor serine threonine kinases activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) 3 and ALK6 and the type II receptor serine threonine kinase BMPRII. This activation is independent of cross talk with the SMAD2-transforming growth factor β pathway. By activating SMAD1/5, epithelial cells regulate anchorage-independent growth by increasing anoikis sensitivity that is dependent on GDF2's ability to sustain the activation of SMAD1/5 via ALK3 and ALK6. Consistent with a role for GDF2 in promoting anoikis susceptibility, the analysis of cell lines and patient data suggests epigenetic silencing of GDF2 in cancer cell lines and increased promoter methylation in patients. These findings collectively indicate an antimetastatic role for GDF2 in ovarian and breast cancer. The work also implicates loss of GDF2 via promoter methylation-mediated downregulation in promotion of carcinogenesis with significant relevance for the use of epigenetic drugs currently in clinical trials.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.