Trial reportBMC pediatrics2015
Motor development related to duration of exclusive breastfeeding, B vitamin status and B12 supplementation in infants with a birth weight between 2000-3000 g, results from a randomized intervention trial.
Trial report in BMC pediatrics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
B vitamin status in premature and small for gestational age infants
Micronutrient Status in Pregnant and Lactating Women and Their Infants
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Maternal supplementation of vitamin BBMJ paediatrics open · 2026Trial
- The Effect of Vitamin B-12 Supplementation During Pregnancy on Early Motor Performance: Secondary Analyses From a Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial.The Journal of nutrition · 2026Trial
- Infant vitamin B12 status and its predictors - cross-sectional baseline results from an ongoing randomized controlled trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Trial
- Vitamin B12 and Folate Status in Pregnant Females and Their Infants in Norway: Secondary Analysis from the Mommy's Food Study.The Journal of nutrition · 2023Trial
- Effects of vitamin B12 supplementation on neurodevelopment and growth in Nepalese Infants: A randomized controlled trial.PLoS medicine · 2020Trial
- Association between breast milk intake at 9-10 months of age and growth and development among Malawian young children.Maternal & child nutrition · 2018Trial
- Trial
- Does early vitamin BBMJ open · 2018Trial
- Infant Serum and Maternal Milk Vitamin B-12 Are Positively Correlated in Kenyan Infant-Mother Dyads at 1-6 Months Postpartum, Irrespective of Infant Feeding Practice.The Journal of nutrition · 2018Trial
- Trial
- The effect of vitamin BTrials · 2017Trial
- Exclusive Breastfeeding Is Not Ensuring an Adequate Vitamin B Status in Premature Infants with Very Low Birth Weight.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Breastfeeding, Mother-Child Dyads of Interaction, and Neurodevelopment of Preterm Children: A Longitudinal Study of Feeding Methods During the First Two Years.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Association between the Infant and Child Feeding Index at 8 months and early childhood neurodevelopment.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Distribution and correlates of plasma folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine in a sample of low-income minority children aged 6 months to 9 years in the U.S.Precision nutrition · 2024Article
- Breastfeeding and biomarkers of folate and cobalamin status in Norwegian infants: a cross-sectional study.Journal of nutritional science · 2024Article
- Nutritional rickets presenting with developmental regression: a rare presentation of rickets.BMC pediatrics · 2023Article
- Vitamin BBMJ open · 2023Article
- Assessment of vitamin B6 status in never-pregnant, pregnant and postpartum women and their infants.European journal of nutrition · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundExclusive breastfeeding for 6 months is assumed to ensure adequate micronutrients for term infants. Our objective was to investigate the effects of prolonged breastfeeding on B vitamin status and neurodevelopment in 80 infants with subnormal birth weights (2000-3000 g) and examine if cobalamin supplementation may benefit motor function in infants who developed biochemical signs of impaired cobalamin function (total homocysteine (tHcy) > 6.5 μmol/L) at 6 months.
methodsLevels of cobalamin, folate, riboflavin and pyridoxal 5´-phosphate, and the metabolic markers tHcy and methylmalonic acid (MMA), were determined at 6 weeks, 4 and 6 months (n = 80/68/66). Neurodevelopment was assessed with the Alberta Infants Motor Scale (AIMS) and the parental questionnaire Ages and Stages (ASQ) at 6 months. At 6 months, 32 of 36 infants with tHcy > 6.5 μmol/L were enrolled in a double blind randomized controlled trial to receive 400 μg hydroxycobalamin intramuscularly (n = 16) or sham injection (n = 16). Biochemical status and neurodevelopment were evaluated after one month.
resultsExcept for folate, infants who were exclusively breastfed for >1 month had lower B vitamin levels at all assessments and higher tHcy and MMA levels at 4 and 6 months. At 6 months, these infants had lower AIMS scores (p = 0.03) and ASQ gross motor scores (p = 0.01). Compared to the placebo group, cobalamin treatment resulted in a decrease in plasma tHcy (p < 0.001) and MMA (p = 0.001) levels and a larger increase in AIMS (p = 0.02) and ASQ gross motor scores (p = 0.03).
conclusionsThe findings suggest that prolonged exclusive breastfeeding may not provide sufficient B vitamins for small infants, and that this may have a negative effect on early gross motor development. In infants with mild cobalamin deficiency at 6 months, cobalamin treatment significantly improvement cobalamin status and motor function, suggesting that the observed impairment in motor function associated with long-term exclusive breastfeeding, may be due to cobalamin deficiency. CLINICAL
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01201005.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.